The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 2670 Words

Jim is no doubt the most complex character of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. From the beginning of the novel to the end, readers go on a journey that exhibits Jim’s development as a character as he gradually goes from being a supporting character to becoming a full-fledged protagonist. Throughout the novel, his character slowly evolves into one of the most intricate characters of Huckleberry Finn. When he was first introduced, Jim was seen as a purely simple and gullible â€Å"background† character. Chapter by chapter, Jim’s simplicity and innocence slowly develops, showing his true nature. Being the only African American protagonist in the novel, Jim had a different sense of growth compared to other characters,†¦show more content†¦In the first act of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Jim is depicted as a background-type character; he seemed like a character that had no meaning in the story. He was first introduced as a slave, belonging to Huckleberry’s guardian, Miss Watson. Twain initially portrays Jim as a sort of â€Å"comic† character; he was first introduced as a fairly simple and gullible character. Twain begins his characterization of Jim by describing him to be very superstitious. After Huck and Tom’s prank of taking off Jim’s hat and hanging it on a branch while he was sleeping, â€Å"Jim said the witches bewitched and put him in a trance† (Twain 6). Twain creates a stereotype towards Jim and other slaves by characterizing them to be very superstitious characters. The concept of superstition is crucial in Jim’s character because, since he is a slave, Jim does not get good education, so supernatural ideas, such as the â€Å"witches,† are the only thing that he learns. Later in the novel, when Huck sees his father’s footprints in the snow, he gets confused, so he goes to Jim and asks him why pap is there. Jim proceeds to pull out a ha irball, something in which he uses as a sort of â€Å"psychic 8-ball,† that â€Å"he used to do magic with† (Twain 17). His prophecy to Huck was rather vague, telling him to let his father, â€Å"take his own way.† Jim is shown to be very gullible, believing that his â€Å"magic† hairball could predict why or what

Nutrition Politics And Policy ( Food90027 ) - 1630 Words

Nutrition Politics and Policy (FOOD90027) Assignment 1 The Responds of Food Industries towards the Increase of Health Concerns by Reformulation and Reducing the â€Å"Bad† Nutrients towards the Products Introduction Over the past decade, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become the important health issues in the worldwide, especially in developed countries. The recent data shows that the global burden of NCDs caused by overweight and obesity continues to rise in which the mostly attributable factor of such condition is unhealthy dietary intake, such as sugar, salt, and fat. (DATA). Furthermore, some evidence mentioned that the overconsumption of unhealthy nutrients would lead to negative health impacts and the food industries are recognized as a part of those problems (DATA). Crino et al. (2015) argues that the changes in food supply related to the accessibility of highly processed and low-nutrient product provided by food manufactures are the key driver of overweight and obesity occurrence in population. The majority of prevention efforts focus on personalised approaches targeting individuals. Population-wide food supply interventions addressing sodium and trans fat reduction have proven highly effective and comparable efforts are now required to target obesity. The evidence suggests that strategies focusing upon reducing the energy density and portion size of foods will be more effective than those targeting spe- cific macronutrients. Government leadership, clearly

Process 2 Essay Example For Students

Process 2 Essay Purchasing Power Parity and International Commodity ArbitrageForeign ExchangeForeign exchange refers to two different things. The first is currency claims expressed in the equivalent value in foreign money. The second is actual transactions involving the conversion of money of one country into that of another. Foreign exchange is necessary because different countries have different monetary units. One countrys currency typically cannot be used in another country. The determination of the price at which the currency of one country will be or should be exchanged for that of another country is the basis of this and many other essays and studies. Foreign exchange is a commodity, and its price fluctuates based on supply and demand, like any commodity. This is not the place for a complete discussion of supply and demand as relates to foreign exchange, but for our purposes, we will assume that supply of and demand for a countrys currency moves along with the supply of or demand for that countrys products or the products of its trading partners. For example, if one country buys many more goods from its neighbor than its neighbor buys from it, the balance of payments at the end of the year will cause its neighbors currency to be in great demand, thereby driving its price up. What in fact sets the exchange ratio between two currencies? Obviously supply and demand, but what causes supply and demand to set exchange rates at appropriate levels? With this question we begin the next section. What is Purchasing Power Parity?Perhaps the single most well known concept in foreign exchange theory is that of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). The basic idea of PPP is that currencies represent purchasing power over goods and services. Either the exchange rate or price levels adjust to keep purchasing power constant. For example, say a particular basket of goods sells for $2000 in America and 1000 GBP in Great Britain. According to PPP, the exchange rate of dollars to pounds should be 2:1. If it were not 2:1; if, for example only 1.5 dollars was needed to purchase 1 pound, an arbitrageur would buy the basket of goods for 1000 pounds ($1500) and resell them in America for $2000. He would continue to do this until currency traders realized that they were being underpaid for their pounds and started to charge two dollars each for them, or Americans realized that they were paying too much for these goods and became willing to pay only $1500 for them, or some combination of the two. Supply and demand forces acting both on Great British pounds and this basket of goods would set the price based on the fact that the same amount of money should buy the same amount of goods anywhere in the world (PPP). The increased demand for pounds (in order to purchase these goods) will push its price up relative to the dollar, and the increased supply of this basket of goods will push its price down, to the point where PPP is achieved. Expressed mathematically, that point is:P(i,t) = S(t) x P*(i,t), whereS(t) = the current exchange rate (the domestic price of foreign exchange)P(i,t) = the current domestic currency price of commodity iP*(i,t) = the current foreign currency price of commodity iAt its simplest formulation, PPP is also called the law of one price (LOP). This formulation contains several caveats. First, LOP assumes that there are no transaction costs involved in buying a commodity in one market and selling it in another. Obviously, in a situation involving substantial transaction costs relative to the cost of the commodity in question, LOP will be empirically meaningless. Second, for this formulation to hold true, there must no barriers to trade. This would include prohibitions, tariffs, taxes, and quotas. Lastly, and perhaps most obviously, is that we must be comparing homogeneous goods. .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 , .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .postImageUrl , .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 , .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404:hover , .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404:visited , .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404:active { border:0!important; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404:active , .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teen suicide EssayThe absolute version of PPP hypothesizes a similar relationship, with the exception that it uses price levels instead of specific commodity prices. Mathematically, the absolute version of PPP can be expressed thus:P(t) = S(t) x P*(t),whereP(t) = the domestic price level in domestic currencyP*(t) = the foreign price level in foreign currencyIn reality though, price levels are certainly not calculated with any regularity. The cost and time to compute it would be prohibitive. Instead, countries typically calculate a variety of price indexes. Therefore, people do not make absolute PPP calculations, but rather relative ones, involving price index ratios instea d. Relative PPP calculations also compensate for the fact that two economies may not have the same composition of goods. Mathematically, the absolute version of PPP can be expressed thus:P(t+T) = S(t+T) x P*(t+T),where P(t) S(t)P(t)P(t) = an index of a subset of goods and services in domesticcurrencyP*(t) = an index of a subset of goods and services in foreign currencyt = some datet + T = some later dateRelative PPP can also be modified to include the effects of disparate rates of inflation on the exchange rate. That is, since P(t+T) = 1+ #61549; , where #61549; is the domestic rate of inflation and P*(t+T) = 1+ #61549;* where #61549;* is the foreign exchange rate, we can algebraically alter our previous equation to:S(t+T) = 1+#61549; S(t) 1+#61549;*This latest version of our equation says that the proportional appreciation or depreciation of the foreign currency depends on whether inflation is higher in, respectively, the domestic or the foreign country. The Real Exchange RateOften however, exchange rates do not move within the framework of PPP. The real exchange rate is the exchange rate when PPP does not hold. PPP calculations are used extensively when developing international trade and monetary policy. Central banks use them to establish par values for their currencies, and arbitrageurs use them to help determine when market exchange rates are too high or low (i.e. when currencies are overvalued or undervalued). Most users of PPP calculations assume that the real exchange rate should return to levels dictated by PPP. In reality though, exchange levels clearly do not stabilize at PPP dictated levels. Foreign exchange does exist. While some of that is clearly due to products that lay outside our discussion of PPP, such as goods that are not available in some area, obviously not all of it is. For foreign trade to occur, there has to be a price differential high enough at the destination sufficient to cover shipping, tariffs, financing, insurance, and any other costs involved in transferring goods from one location to another. Not only must price differentials exist, but they also must remain for trade to persist. We will define the real exchange rate, in terms of price levels as:R(t) = P(t)/(S(t)P*(t))And in terms of price indexes as follows:R(t+T) = P(t+T)/P(t) S(t+T)/S(t)P*(t+T)/P*(t)Obviously, when absolute and relative PPP holds true for whichever scenario is under discussion, the real exchange (R(t)) will be equal to one. Despite our previous discussions, however, these exchange differentials are consistent with both purchasing power parity and with the absence of commodity arbitrage opportunities. These price differentials cover the additional costs mentioned above and allow the importer/exporter to reap a nominal profit. For this reason, empirical studies have established that there exist large and continuing deviations of the real exchange rate from LOP. It seems that these deviations embody the cost of trade, and are not arbitrage opportunities. Empirical tests have generally supported this. One positive to this, in terms of the usefulness of LOP is that current deviations from the LOP can be used to forecast future deviations, since these would not be expected to substantially change. .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 , .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .postImageUrl , .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 , .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40:hover , .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40:visited , .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40:active { border:0!important; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40:active , .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Job at Family Dollar EssayConclusionIn conclusion, though the simple law of one price formulation of purchasing power parity we started with obviously does not hold true when the requirements for that theory are stripped away, as in the real world, the concept that the same amount of money should purchase the same amount everywhere does have validity. Any of us who have traveled between countries knows that some goods are more expensive, and some are less expensive in other countries. When we factor in all the variables discussed above, this begins to make sense. It is not logical to pay $1 to ship something from Haiti to America if the price differential is only $0.50. This also obviously does not constitute an arbitrage opportunity.

Moral System Essays - Utilitarianism, Normative Ethics,

Moral System The installation of a moral system is vital in every society. Yet, every moral system must deal with the major conflicting general moral issues: Consequentialism versus Non-consequentialism; Self versus Other-Interestedness; Act Utilitarianism versus Rule Utilitarianism; and Emotion versus reason. When all four areas are combined and examined there are conflicting views that must be resolved. First of all, there is the issue of Consequentialism and Non-consequentialism. Consequentialism is best described by utilitarianism, where decisions are based on the consequences of the outcome of the decision made. On the other hand, non-consequentialism is best described as an ethical theory that is based not on the consequences of the action, but on some " higher" moral standard that is placed upon them. Examples of non-consequentialism are Kant's Duty Ethics and Divine Command Theory. The conflict between the two is whether to do what is best according to the outcome or follow what one feels as the "higher" moral standard would require them to adhere to. Personally, I would resolve this area by choosing the consequentialist belief as my tool for judgement because I feel that people need to think about the consequences of their actions because if they don't then it will cause havoc in the society. Thus, I feel that consequentialism is the proper solution in this area. Secondly, there is the conflict between Self versus Other-Interestedness. The concept of self is best described as being selfish and only caring about oneself without worrying about what might happen to others. While the concept of other-interestedness is basically putting the needs of everyone else over your own (this is similar to utilitarianism). The big conflict is that most people are going to choose themselves first, but if this were a perfect society the people would worry about everyone first. If people would think about it, then they figure it out that they are included in everyone. Therefore, in this area I would solve the problem by choosing the theory of other-interestedness. Next, there is the issue of the act utilitarianism versus the rule utilitarianism. The act approach to utilitarianism is that a person should perform acts that will bring about the greatest good for the greatest number. On the other hand, the rule approach to utilitarianism is that people establish and follow rules which will bring about the greatest good for the greatest number. The major conflicting moral issue is whether or not there is freedom involved in the decision making process. Act utilitarianism gives unlimited freedom, while rule utilitarianism gives virtually no freedom, but rule utilitarianism gives structure and stability to the society. The best way to solve this area would be to have rule utilitarianism and act utilitarianism combined so that you have rules to give some structure to society but have the ability for the people to be allowed to express their individual freedoms in the society. Thus, I feel that a combination of the two is the best way solve this area of the moral system. Finally, there is the issue between reason and emotion. Reason is described as thinking about what the outcome of the decision would be, then making the decision. The theory of emotion is reacting to one's emotions without thinking about the possible outcome of the situation. In this situation one has to side with reason because if not the society would have people reacting to their emotions all the time which could chaos and would not fit into a utopian society. All of these four areas combined would help in establish an upright and proper moral system when applied correctly. I feel that the decisions that I made earlier in this essay are the proper ones needed for a good moral system.

The Vermont Teddy Bear Company Essays

The Vermont Teddy Bear Company Essays The Vermont Teddy Bear Company Paper The Vermont Teddy Bear Company Paper The Vermont Teddy Bear Company was established 1981 by John Sortino. Mr. Sortinos dream was to create a high quality stuffed teddy bear, which was produced in the United States. Mr. Sortino learned to sew and took art classes. With these new skills, he began to manufacture a line of bears. By the end of the first year, over 200 bears were sold and different features were being added to the bear line such as having movable joints and being machine washable. The Vermont Teddy Bear Company became incorporated in the State of New York in 1984. The company began to market the bears in department stores and opened its own store in 1985. Before Valentines Day of 1985, the company began a new marketing technique, which allowed customer to send a bear gram by calling a 1-800 number. This pushed The Vermont Teddy Bear Company into a mullion dollar company. In 1991, a new manufacturing factory had to be established in order to handle the demand. The company was now on a roll winning multiple business awards such as Best of America small business award and Heritage of New England Customer Service award. In 1994, the Vermont Teddy Bear Company had grown so much in such as small period of time. At this time John Sortino recognized the need in order to reorganize the company from an entrepreneurial company to professionally managed organization. At this time, he resigned as Chief Executive Officer of the company. He was trying to prepare the company so that a new CEO with experience in this system would be able to flourish. In 1995, Patrick Burns became the New CEO of the company. Mr. Burns and a new chief Finance Officer, Elisabeth Robert began new strategies for the company. They began to open more stores and produced an expanded catalog, at the same time they cut back on advertising for the bear grams. This diminishment in profits caused Mr. Burns stepped down and Elisabeth Burns became the new CEO of the company. External Factors In order to determine the external Factors that face the Vermont Teddy Bear Company the use of the Five Forces model of Porter is needed. This model is an outside-in business tactic tool that is used to make a study of the value of an industry structure. The Competitive Forces study is made by the identification of 5 basic competitive forces: * The entry of competitors- The Teddy bear manufacturing business will can be entered easily as many consumers are not particular to name brands. However quality is a factor as many of these toys are for children and therefore have to be able to withstand the constraints of child play and the ability to withstand the test of time in order to become heirlooms. * The threat of substitutes- for many Teddy bear collections, a trademark is used in order to distinguish one brand from another. The Steiff Company uses a button on the ear of its products. Some trademarks are services used in order to market their bears. An example of this type of trademark would be a Bear gram which is only available from the Vermont Teddy Bear Company. Other trademarks can be as simple as the features of the bears themselves. * The bargaining power of buyers- Depending on the markets in which the company chooses to use will develop the bargaining power of the markets. For collectible bear the volume of product may be limited in order to fuel demand for the products and raise prices. * The bargaining power of suppliers- Depending on the market, the sellers can differ. Many companies chose to produce high volume low quality bears and sellers consist of discount shops and markets. Other companies with higher quality and higher priced bears will focus more on prestique department stores or antique stores as sellers. * The rivalry among the existing players There is much competition and Rivalry within the competition As the Teddy Bear industry is very popular industry that can be approached in different ways. Some companies chose to manufacture bears for Children toys, others are produced for gifts, etc and other selections are created to be collectibles. . The External factors, which contributed to the downfall of the Teddy Bear Company, consisted of other companies who produced bears or other similar plush items. The largest competitor was Steiff Company. Steiff specialized in bears that are manufactured in Germany and the Far East. These bears are high quality and but are not individually customized. The Stieff bears have a trademark is a button sewn in to the ear of each bear. These bears range from $50 for a 6 inch tall to several thousands dollars for the life size bears. Their markets include discount stores and supermarkets to high-end specialty shops and antique stores. The next company that competed was Gund Company. The Gund Company uses the Internet in order to market its product. Gund products include a wide range of plush animals that are not restricted to bears only. Teddy Bear Factory is the only other American manufacturer of teddy bears. This company is a major competitor in the San Francisco area; however, their market is strictly regional. The North American Bear Company manufactures all of its bears in the Orient, where labor costs are cheaper. This company is focuses more on global markets such as Europe, Japan and the United States. Their line of bears differs from The Vermont Bears by having shorter limbs and noses. Applause Enterprises, Inc, is a smaller competitor, who mostly focuses on small plush versions of Sesame Street, Star wars, Muppets, and Disney characters. Internal Factors In order to determine the internal factors that face the Vermont Teddy Bear Company, The PEST Analysis will be used. This model uses the four factors that face the internal factors such as: Political, Economic, Social and Technological. These factors apply to the companys customers, Employees, Investors, Vendors and Community. Vermont Teddy Bear Company Political * Ecological/environmental issues * Current legislation home market * Future legislation * European/international legislation * Regulatory bodies and processes * Government policies * Government term and change * Trading policies * Funding, grants and initiatives * Home market lobbying/pressure groups * International pressure groups Economic * Home economy situation * Home economy trends * Overseas economies and trends * General taxation issues * Taxation specific to product/services * Seasonality/weather issues * Market and trade cycles * Specific industry factors * Market routes and distribution trends * Customer/end-user drivers * Interest and exchange rates Social * Lifestyle trends * Demographics * Consumer attitudes and opinions * Media views * Law changes affecting social factors * Brand, company, technology image * Consumer buying patterns * Fashion and role models * Major events and influences * Buying access and trends * Ethnic/religious factors * Advertising and publicity Technological * Competing technology development * Research funding * Associated/dependent technologies * Replacement technology/solutions * Maturity of technology * Manufacturing maturity and capacity * Information and communications * Consumer buying mechanisms/technology * Technology legislation * Innovation potential * Technology access, licensing, patents * Intellectual property issues The customers are the groundwork of the company. The ability to meet customer expectations is the backbone of the business culture. With quest for superior customer service the company will be able to produce a high quality product that will meet the customers needs and demands. The companies employees are the internal customers. The idea that the employees should be treated with the same attention as the customers will produce a highly efficient work environment. This treatment will create a sense of pride, partnership, team spirit, and personal commitment in every employee. Our investors provide capital with the expectations that the will be repaid with interest. The companies financial strength will be enable the promise the investors to be accomplished. The vendors are a partnership that allows the company to understand the customers wants and the ability to provide the services to customers in a location and price that they want. The community requires that company work within ethical, legal and environmental guidelines. The company will support associations and individuals that have comparable morals in order to contribute to future generations. This requires a balance between working with the community and developing capability of the company.

Summary of The Ruined Maid

Summary of The Ruined Maid Free Online Research Papers Summary of The Ruined Maid Poetry Analysis and Summation (200 Level Course) I think that the poem is about two country women who both are the same, until one of them loses her virginity. The poem shows how that when one woman has sex, her whole attitude to life changes and her friend wonders why. She acts superior to the other woman and talks and dresses more elaborately than she did. Her speech improves and within herself she believes that she is a better person. When the other country girl asks her questions on her new way of life, she always answers with the same statement, ‘when you’ve been ruined.’ Her excuse of her new attitude is always that she’s not a virgin anymore so that gives her a new status of being a higher class to virgins. She also says in the last line that she can strut around town without being spoken about but it’s not alright for her friend to because she is not ‘ruined.’ Research Papers on Summary of The Ruined MaidMind TravelWhere Wild and West MeetInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementCapital PunishmentHip-Hop is ArtQuebec and CanadaResearch Process Part OneThree Concepts of PsychodynamicComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

Green IT Strategies and Applications Research Paper

Green IT Strategies and Applications - Research Paper Example An audit was carried out taking into consideration various factors of carbon efficiency, waste management, resources distribution and IT advancement. It was found that plenty of room is available for improvement in controlling environmental hazards produced by the super store. Carbon footprints are obvious from the reports. After the audit, a Chief Green Officer has been appointed to take steps in transforming Hyper Star into a Green IT complex. He, along with his team, will carry out initial diagnosis and survey of hyper star in light of reports of audit. They will suggest the changes required for the transformation. After Green IT transformation, Hyper Star will be able to influence its partner super stores working in the state of New Jersey. It is required to use resources in an intelligent manner for overall benefit of the employees of Hyper Star and for enhanced environmental care. The issue is raising the efficiency in the manner to utilize minimum resources, minimum waste and maximum performance and results. The return on investment (ROI) by stake holders is beyond just reducing the environmental impact; its about optimizing the resources for the best efficiency. Preliminary Investigation by Green IT Team The higher authorities and stake holders of Hyper Star demanded the Peer review to be conducted by a Green IT team to analyze their store in the light of environmental compliance. An audit team was established comprising CGO, IT experts, managers of different section of Hyper Star and some members from stores inside Hyper Star. The audit was focused on four factors. Input in the form of economical factors Socio-cultural norms and attitude of employees Business Infrastructure Technical Development Following findings were published in their report. Carbon emissions are large enough to threaten the environment regarding global warming. Hyper star is doing an extensive business in New Jersey and can be quite helpful by creating network with Partner Organiza tions. The waste management is not proper. Plenty of items are being wasted without taking any care of them. The items for sale and complementary products for use by the employees are quite large in number. Considering IT items only, the store contains 200 laptops, 100 desktop machines, 250 Printer machines for tracking records of items purchases by customer, 10 membership card identification modules and 20 tag identification modules for recognizing prices on various items. All these things create significant amount of carbon emissions into the environment i.e. nearly 70 kilo tons of carbon in a month. The equipments used by the staff is aging and contributing more towards carbon emissions, Moreover, the computers which keep record of the items purchased has a huge database that itself is a big burden on environment in terms of carbon footprints. Proper tagging of items is not ensured leading towards use of papers and other small stickers by the staff to tag the prices. As a result, more stuff is produced contributing towards the ultimate waste. Scheduling the billing of each customer is not automated. People have to wait in line for their turn. Also cash counters are not enough to deal with a large number of customers. Reforms are required in this regard. A huge data server is required to be set up that keeps a centralized record of each and every activity in the store. Proper videos will have to be made to minimize the risk of items being

Dealing with Stress at Workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dealing with Stress at Workplace - Research Paper Example Every workshop presents a unique opportunity for adult learners to acquire new knowledge and skills that are essential in problem-solving in their workplace (Munson, 2012). The adults are aware of the learning needs and are motivated to learn skills that improve their social and occupational role competencies (Fried, 2008). The workshop is geared at enabling the employees to develop problem-solving strategies in order to avoid work-related stress and foster critical thinking skills. Adult learners have a problem-centered time perspective since the formal curriculum is balanced with opportunities to apply to learn through case studies and role –plays. Adults are capable of self-direction and trustful relationships help in identification of the learners’ needs (Munson, 2012). The adults enjoy planning and evaluating their progress while supervisors recognize the adult learners’ need and treat them as adults. The adults are ready to learn their developmental tasks move towards social and occupational role competence. The adult learners bring their prior experience in every learning situation and discovery how to learn from these experiences in attaining self-actualization (Fried, 2008). Adults have a desire to learn and will learn when they feel the need to learn. The need for adults to learn can be developed and usually learn by doing (Munson, 2012). The immediate and repeated opportunities to use newly learned skills and knowledge reinforce learning in adults and thus learning should be centered on realistic problems. The experience affects adult learning and adults must be provided with opportunities to interrupt, ask questions and argue their ideas during the learning process (Munson, 2012). Adults learn best in the informal environment that encourages interactions and various methods such as role play, cases studies and workshops should be used in teaching adults. The acquisition of new knowledge and skills occurs in a predictable sequence and the curricula should follow this sequence to develop, present and support adult learning.  

Swot Analysis for Pizza Connection Essay Example for Free

Swot Analysis for Pizza Connection Essay Pizza Connection demonstrates numerous strengths within the organization when meeting with the owner, Dave Collier. Mr. Collier explained to our firm that they have been successful and at the same time benefiting from the rise in popularity of pizza that swept across the country during the past few years. He also stated that, with this rise in popularity of pizza, his company took advantage of the trend and created the franchisers home office to coordinate national and regional marketing which also included advertising support. In addition, Mr. Collier knows the market well and is willing to do whatever it takes to take advantage of the opportunity that may lay outside the company. Moreover, Dave Collier also explained to our firm that, because of the coordinated national and regional marketing strategy, it will also give a boost with the internal process within the organization. Mr. Collier also provided a strong product development support. With this strong product development support, there will be a new line of specialty pizzas that will expand Pizza Connections market appeal. This is a very strong aspect to our firm because it shows that Pizza Connection is willing and ready to make the best changes for the company. Weakness When there is strength, there is also weakness. During our meeting with Mr. Collier, he told us that he noticed a decline in sales. Over the past few months, the number of customers has declined steadily. He further explained to us that he believes that customer demands have changed. To be more in-depth, he believes that providing high-quality pizza at a reasonable price was no longer enough. Instead, providing speed, convenience, and alternative dining options is the key. Our firm then realized that these were some of the areas that they lack in: 1. ) Dine-in customers; Pizza Connections were not providing dine-in patrons with fast enjoyable food. Customers now want to get-in, be seated, provide with fast high quality service, and get out quickly. 2. ) Phone-in customers; Pizza Connections lacks in making sure that customer food is ready to be picked up. 3. ) Carry-out customer; lack of providing speed and convenience to customer when ordering and receiving there food. Another weakness that came to light in our meeting with Mr. Collier was that there was a lack of space in the restaurant to do parties. Parties are a growing trend with little league baseball teams, youth soccer teams, and birthdays all have been part of this growing demand for party space in restaurants. Our firm has to find a solution for this because this is a community involvement problem. If the community starts to complain, then slowly but surely Pizza Connections will be out of business for good. Our firm wants to make sure that our clients in the surrounding community are pleased with the organization and the services they provide. Opportunities After carefully analyzing Pizza Connection weaknesses, we have sought out some opportunities that they can take advantage of as of right now. Some of the opportunities that our firm believes can bring in more profit for the company are to address the Dine-in, carry-out, and phone-in situation, and make it better. These are the essential internal opportunities that they can take advantage of immediately. Mirror off your competitors strategies like Pizza Hut or Unos. Also, another opportunity that can pursue that a lot of other company havent yet, is used the World Wide Web (WWW). With that, Customers can place order online instead of using the phone and give exact time when they are going to pick up there merchandise. This becomes more convenient for your customers and the business as a whole. Some other opportunities that our firm noticed which Pizza Connection can do is to start delivering and creating more specials for the products they sell. Most pizza venues deliver to the customer which makes it more convenient for the consumers. Pizza Connection has to expand the operation now to be considered a threat in the market. Also, Pizza Connection can recognize most of the little league team that come in to the restaurant on a regular basis and sponsor them. This will give the teams who are recognized a sense of local celebrity status and more publicity that we believe will be beneficial to Pizza Connections success in the long run. Threats Finally, Mr. Collier explained to us the threats that they are dealing with at the current time. Besides the changing of the market demands, competition for the consumers dining dollar increased significantly in the geographic area where Mr. Colliers restaurant served. The number of dining establishments in the area has more than tripled during the last two years. Numerous of Dine-in, and Drive in, has given Mr. Collier a strong threat which make him and our firm wonder if things can get back to normal. Pizza Connection has many threats to deal with but our firm will come up with a solution to solve these problems.

Relationship between Gender, Identity and Civil Disobedience

Relationship between Gender, Identity and Civil Disobedience Hannah Rates Gender, Identity and Civil disobedience: Are they the solution to their own problem? Social political concepts are arguably becoming the most important and highly discussed governmental topics. Gender, identity and civil disobedience are highly relevant in modern society and effect everyones day to day lives. As society is changing and modernizing the roles and meanings of these three concepts are also adapting. I look to explain their similarities and differences as well as how they have affected the global population throughout history and continue to do so. Identity politics is a name given to political positions who share the same interests and views of social minority groups in which people identify, often the individuals have shared experiences of injustice, (Heyes, 2016a) this leads to the challenge of other oppressive groups with the goal usually being equality. Identity political groups aim to secure political freedom of a specific constituency marginalized within its larger context. (Heyes, 2016b) Identity politics is a term that has only been used in recent history originating from around the 1960s. There are hundreds if not thousands of cases of minority groups who are oppressed all over the world including but not limited to gay individuals, women, ethnic minority groups, Muslims as well as well as many other less recognized groups. Collective Identity politics has many positive effects on individuals, a feeling of solidarity with others through constructed collective identity provides an immutable and all-encompassing group t hat supply an escape from the society that oppresses them. One of the biggest collective identity movements in recent history is feminism, their goal was to remove the opposed biological determinist views that men are stronger and smarter than women to gain equal rights which included: the right to vote, reproductive and domestic rights along with many more. Women identifying with each other to challenge the oppression they faced created a way for individual womens voices to be heard, although women grouped together they campaigned for equal rights which benefited each individual in that group. Identity however is a contested concept, where collective identity is accentuated individualism diminishes and where solidarity with a persons minority is gained it is then restricted to one group. A person may have a single identity, but it will be made up of many levels of loyalty and identification. Identities change, because they are based on perceptions, which themselves change over time and environment; as it is possible to identify ones self with more than one thing at a time such as class and gender, or religion and age. Therefore, there are various elements of ones identity and which operate at different levels and these various elements in an identity may well be contradictory. (Concept of collective identity, 2015) Identity politics can be destructive as it can encourage people to fixate or excaudate their sense of persecution, it can also focus the stigmatization which then instigates the effect further. Inside a minority group differences are also overlooked which in turn divides the group internally; in feminist history, ethnic and gay feminists see themselves as having nothing in common with white straight feminists they then end up competing over their relative degree of victimization. (Todd, 2013) Judith Butlers argued using queer theory that the feminist movement only emphasised the differences between men and women by grouping women as individuals wit h the same interests and characteristics. She explained feminism as an unwitting regulation and reification of gender relations reinforcing a binary view of gender relations in which human beings are divided into two clear-cut groups, women and men. Rather than opening up possibilities for a person to form and choose their own individual identity. (David, no date) Judith Butlers use of queer theory in her book gender trouble has also been one of the main driving forces behind the contesting of gender. Gender is defined as either the male or female division of a species, especially as differentiated by social and cultural roles and behaviour. (Dictionary, 1300) As society progresses gender is becoming a multifaced concept that is constantly being challenged, the idea that sex is biological and gender is socially constructed has become a constant discussion point in the world of politics. Society is progressing with the help of technology and social media giving minority genders a voice, resulting in the world becoming more accepting of contested identitys. Transgender and genderqueer individuals identifying as a group has had positive outcomes and helped to empower people. This therefore gives evidence of contested genders becoming more widely accepted. To to be able to identify with their particular gender group however, individuals are required to succumb to specific gender labels which can then often cause them to be treated differently and negatively by peers, loved ones and so ciety. Throughout history many feminists have disagreed and have endorsed the sex gender distinction. Provisionally: sex denotes human females and males depending on biological features (chromosomes, sex organs, hormones, and other physical features); gender denotes women and men depending on social factors (social role, position, behaviour or identity). (Mikkola, 2016) Masculine and feminine behaviour has been learnt through nurture and gender socialisation and has created many inequalitys over time. One of the main objective of feminists, mainly in the second wave movement, was to reverse the gender roles created by society. The idea that women are created to raise children and stay at home doing the cleaning and cooking with a male dominated family has been a view challenged by feminists through many mass protests. Second wave feminism also known as the womens liberation movement set to overhaul gender inequality in private after first wave feminism had achieved public equality, aiming to remove the idea of the public man and the private woman. During second wave feminism the personal is the political became a rallying phrase to dispute the nuclear family and family values which resulted with gender becoming political. Challenging authority through civil disobedience became a very effective tactic for second wave feminists used to gain gender equality. Civil disobedience is the refusal to obey governmental demands or commands especially as a nonviolent and usually collective means of forcing concessions from the government. (Brownlee, 2013a) The term originated from Henry David Thoreau in 1848 when he refused to pay the poll tax as he did not want to contribute to the funding of war and slavery. In Thoreaus essay, he justifies his actions by saying that government is best which governs least, men will someday be able to have a government that does not govern at all. As it is, government rarely proves useful or efficient. It is often abused and perverted so that it no longer represents the will of the people. (LLC, 2016) Throughout history civil disobedience has been used to change societys moral parameters; Gandhis salt march, civil rights movement and suffragettes are all prime examples of instances where civil disobedience proved to be an important mechanism for social change. (Brownlee, 2013b) John Rawls states that a civil diso bedience movement must be: public, non-violent, a conscientious yet political act, contrary to the law and it must aim to bring change to policies and the law. John Rawls suggest that the main point of the movement is that it must be conscientious, this highlights the seriousness and sincerity in which the civil disobedient break the law; through their disobedience, they draw attention to draw attention to laws or policies that they believe require reassessment or rejection. (Brownlee, 2013c) Henry David Thoreau emphasised the importance of human conscience in his 1848 essay stating we should be men first, and subjects afterwards. (Henry David Thoreau, 2017) The non-violence aspect of civil disobedience is also an important factor of the movement as it is not only moral but strategic and more effective, an uprising is 50% more likely to fail (Fisher, 2013a) if violence is used. If a protest does become violent then that legitimizes the states use of violence in response (Fisher, 201 3b) and is also less likely to have support from the public often polarizing them in support of the government. The argument that we all have the right to civil disobedience as part of our democratic rights, alongside our human right to freedom of speech are two factors believed toto encourage oppressed minority groups to speak out about their injustices, this is reflected by civil disobedience protests being known to gain more attention than any other forms of protest. Acts of Civil disobedience by minority groups including gender minority have been carried out throughout history, one of the largest being the feminist movement. The politics of gender roles and inequality have been at the heart of all womens liberation movements especially during second wave feminism. In more recent history Polish women carried out civil disobedience in October 2016 to protest against the governments proposed ban on all abortions with women facing imprisonment if the law was broken. Tens of thousand s of women missed work and school wearing all black to peacefully protest outside parliament against the Law and Justices party proposed ban. The mass protests caused parliament to reconsider and then reject the proposed ban. Poland already have the most restrictive laws on abortion in Europe with women only being able to have one in certain circumstances, however many activists see parliaments choice to over throw the ban as a chance to gain liberation in the near future. Identity politics is a concept that runs parallel with all acts of civil disobedience, individuals identify with each other and all share the same goal which is often equality and social justice. Every civil disobedience movement emphasizes a collective notion of the good. They suggest that when we identify ourselves with something larger than our own identity, we are compelled to take action. We are driven to bring about social reform because we value the importance of helping others. (Enotes, 2016a) In his essay , Thoreau emphasises the importance of coming together as a collective identity as the only way to achieve social reform, he also believes that all individuals should ignore their individual differences and work together towards a collective goal. Thoreau sees a persons power increasing when they unify with others in the cause for social reform. (Enotes, 2016b) The second wave feminist movement and the 2016 Polish protests were both collective actions trying to gain social reform for both identity and gender through civil disobedience. Social political concepts are continuing to shape modern day society, and the majority of these groups are co-dependant. The argument that collective identity diminishes individuality in that group is ongoing. Whist individualism is conceivably reduced, many civil disobedience movements contain individuals that have different standing views on what theyre protesting against. In the case of feminism there are radical and liberal groups inside the larger feminist group. Some radical groups focus on trying to overthrow patriarchy rather than liberal feminists who try to change society to make it equal. This shows that the strive for identity within civil disobedience exceeds the concept of just gender. Although both radical and liberal feminist groups have the same common goal it highlights the flaws of collective identity as the group works against the larger movement cohesion due to their opposed views on aspects of the feminist ideology. Many radical feminists will not accept men to be part of their movement due to their feelings of oppression caused by a patriarchal society throughout history, this excludes men and reinforces the dichotomic view of gender relations highlighting gender differences through identity. Queer theory can be used to understand the contradicting views of both identity and gender; queer theory supports the idea that gender is free flowing and an expression. It contradicts collective identitys as identity consists of so many aspects, to group identities collectively based on one variable e.g. gender is wrong. A difference perspective on collective identities with regards to gender however is that it can empower many people, as more people in modern society are identifying as gay or transgender the glamorization of identity through gender has increased this holds true for many gender labels. Whilst people seek confidence by identifying with these gender labels the end result can be that individuals have restricted themselves to the stereo typical behaviour of that gender identity. Many civil disobedience movements aim to compact the stereotypical view of gender roles and behaviours showing how the three concepts not only intertwine but often provoke each other. It is clear that collective identities are sought out by individuals in order to find solidarity in a certain group, they are used to construct community and feelings of cohesion and holism, a concept to give the impression that all individuals are equal in the imagined community. Gamson argues that fixed identity categories are both the basis for oppression and the basis for political power, again further outlining that civil disobedience is not only comprised by collective identitys, but that they are also a catalyst for many civil disobedience movements. Connotations associated with gender often form these collective identitys that in turn form civil disobedience. Without collective identity, civil disobedience movements would be ineffective; movements are only taken seriously if its a large identity group working towards the same goals. In the example of the feminist movement and the polish protests women identified with their gender to campaign for equality however identifying in this group women have highlighted their oppression and focused the stigmatization. Although quite obviously linked identity does not only exist through the marinization of oppressive groups, if society was completely equal both identity and gender would still exist and where there is democracy there is inevitably civil disobedience. As theories and concepts identity, gender and civil disobedience all share a common quality, in that they are often co dependant in order to be effective as well as being a seemingly paradoxical solution to themselves. Whilst all three concepts seek equality; identity is formed through segregation, gender is defined by its separation and civil disobedience can only exist with minority protesting the majority. In addition to this incongruence, comprised with all acts of politics in accordance to these concepts, ego and prejudice will always effect the individual, creating bias within these social groups, making the topics insolvably disputed for the future. References Heyes, C. (2016) Identity politics. Available at: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/identity-politics/ (Accessed: 19 January 2017). Concept of collective identity (2015) Available at: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/politics/concept-of-collective-identity.php (Accessed: 19 January 2017). Todd, D. (2013) Douglas Todd: The pros and cons of identity politics. Available at: http://www.vancouversun.com/health/Douglas+Todd+pros+cons+identity+politics/8235119/story.html (Accessed: 19 January 2017). David (no date) Www.Theory.Org.Uk resources: Judith Butler. Available at: http://www.theory.org.uk/ctr-butl.htm (Accessed: 19 January 2017). Dictionary (1300) The definition of gender, in Available at: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/gender (Accessed: 19 January 2017). Mikkola, M. (2016) Feminist perspectives on sex and gender. Available at: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-gender/#GenSocCon (Accessed: 19 January 2017). Brownlee, K. (2013) Civil disobedience. Available at: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/civil-disobedience/ (Accessed: 20 January 2017). LLC, S. (2016) Civil disobedience. Available at: http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/civildisobedience/section1.rhtml (Accessed: 20 January 2017). Henry David Thoreau (2017) Available at: http://izquotes.com/quote/394572 (Accessed: 20 January 2017). Fisher, M.F.M. (2013) Peaceful protest is much more effective than violence for toppling dictators. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/11/05/peaceful-protest-is-much-more-effective-than-violence-in-toppling-dictators/?utm_term=.85c428fbbc16 (Accessed: 20 January 2017). Help, H. (2016) In civil disobedience by Thoreau, on the eve of historic Dandi march by Gandhi, and long walk to freedom by Nelson Mandela, how is the.. Available at: https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/civil-disobedience-eve-historic-dandi-walk-freedom-748335 (Accessed: 20 January 2017).

Exam Malpractice

Abstract Show/Hide This study considers the remote causes of examination malpractice in the Nigerian education system with a view to suggest new ways of combating the problem. Three research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Using the multistage stratified sampling technique, 200 students were selected for the study from 20 secondary schools in Akwa Ibom State. An Examination Malpractice Questionnaire (EMQUE) was used for data collection. The three research hypotheses were tested statistically using the Chi square statistical technique.The results indicate that poor study habits, paucity of educational facilities, and inability of schools to cover prescribed syllabuses are significant remote causes of examination malpractice in the country. Based on these findings, methods of tackling the menace are proffered and counselling implications are suggested. Introduction The issue of examination malpractice is a national emergency situation. Before the advent of western type e ducation, traditional Nigerian education was based mainly on experience and practice.Its mode of instruction was simple as knowledge was passed on orally and through practical tests. Students then only had to commit to memory, learn by rote, or through observation (Ibia, 2006). Because traditional Nigerian education placed little or no emphasis on certification, students had the proper view of education, seeing it as a means to an end not an end in itself. Besides, the Nigerian culture then frowned at dishonesty and would not hesitate to sanction offenders (Agogo, 2006).According to Ejiogu (2001), general moral decadence and the high premium placed on achievement and certificates by Nigerians has in recent times spawned examination fraud. The general overdependence on educational certificates as a measure of one’s knowledge and competence has led to a mad rush by most people for educational certificates (Sofola, 2004). In a bid to acquire such certificates, many have resorted to unethical means—foremost among which are examination malpractices—just to acquire the certificates at all cost.Without doubt, the persistent occurrence of examination malpractice in Nigeria has spawned heinous problems such as: 1. Lack of credibility of academic certificates acquired in Nigeria by the international community. 2. Declining standard of education in the country. Onyechere (2004) asserted that unless we are able to stop examination malpractice, the standard of education in Nigeria will continue to fall. 3. The problem of turning out into the society half-baked—if not unbaked—graduates who are virtually good for nothing and functional illiterates. 4.Inability to secure competitive and challenging jobs which require practical test of proficiency and skills. 5. The existing correlation between examination malpractice and corruption in public offices. As noted by Thomas Derry of the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) and quoted in the E xaminations Ethics Project (EEP) survey (2004) report, students who steal their ways to higher offices through examination malpractice would not find it difficult to engage in corrupt practices when they are employed. 6. Finally, examination malpractice has economic implications.According to EEP (2003) report, Nigeria loses more than one billion naira annually to examination malpractice. Thus examination malpractice could equally be seen as an economic crime. Mention-worthy at this juncture is the fact that Nigerians have not been sleeping since the wake of this mischief in the mid 1970s. It is on recorded history that the first serious case of examination malpractice in independent Nigeria was the leakage in 1977 of the West African Examination Council (WAEC) question paper for the West African School Examination (Onyechere, 1996).The outcry by WAEC in the wake of this incidence led to the setting up of a tribunal by the Federal government of Nigeria to investigate the mass leakage and to suggest possible measure to forestall future occurrence. The tribunal recommended severe punitive measures. The federal government followed this up by promulgating Degree No. 20 of 1984 and later, Degree No. 33 of 1999 in which severe punishments against perpetrators of examination malpractice were clearly enshrined.Further measures which have been taken in recent times to eradicate examination malpractice include that taken by the Obasanjo Administration which embedded in the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) policy document a target of 40% reduction in examination malpractice annually; the existing legislation on examination malpractice, Degree No. 33 of the 1999 Constitution which is still in force—though not enforced; and the move by the Federal Ministry of Education to introduce the study of ethics in the school curricula with a view to forestalling examination malpractice.It is a truism that even though much has been done, it is eith er grossly inadequate or ineffectual at curbing the menace as we day-in-day-out see examination malpractices take newer, dynamic and appealing forms especially with the advances in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) coupled with the general falling standards of societal norms. It is also true that examination malpractice would not have attained its present endemic state but for the fact that the major stake holders in education are at the forefront aiding and abetting the crime.Orhungur (2003) decried the general opinion which tends to indict the students and exonerate the teachers and other examination agents. Quoting a tentative report by Usman, he maintained that if the staff, that is, all who have to do with examinations—examiners, typists, custodians, staff of examination bodies, printers, transporters, and security agents—put their house in order, students would not have access to examination materials before examinations. Umar (2003) indicted head m asters and principals as the biggest perpetrators of examination malpractice in the country.He asserted that headmasters in connivance with their teachers initiate primary school pupils into examination malpractice during common entrance examinations by giving answers to the students so that they would record high number of passes in their schools. In the case of secondary school principals, Umar (2003) stated emphatically that they are the worst perpetrators of the crime as they, in a bid to have the names of their schools praised and recognized, manipulate and aid the crime.In the same vein, Ike (2004) of the EEP held that principals have gone to the extent of building into the National Examinations Council (NECO) and the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) registration fees, an examination malpractice fee variously referred to as cooperation fees, understanding fees, examination welfare fees, and miscellaneous fees with the sole aim of bribing supervisors and invigilators an d whoever sent them so that they might ‘cooperate’ during examinations.Another group of master-minders who have rather taken centre stage in recent times are operators of private study centres also known as extramural classes. These study centres are veritable fronts for examination fraud operated by organized syndicate who charge outrageously high fees for examinations. Funnily enough, students are, more often than not, willing to pay because in the end it pays off very well (Thisday, 2004). The last group which is also a strong force behind the perpetration of examination malpractice is the parents. Many parents would not want their children to repeat any class no matter their level of performance.Thus, they pressure school authorities to give their children automatic promotion even when they fail their examinations. Parents are also in the forefront of hiring mercenaries to write examinations for their wards. They thus collude with principals to issue fake but favour able examination results to their children. Looking beyond the contribution of education stakeholders to examination crimes, other important causes of examination malpractice revolve around the students and their attitude towards their studies as influenced by the general socio-economic situation in the country.In recent times, students prepare—if at all they do—lackadaisically for examinations. The reason for this lacklustre attitude as opined by Thomas Derry of WAEC is that the youths have prioritized entertainment and pleasure at the expense of their books (myspacefm. com, 2004). Furthermore, Anger (2004) pointed out that the high fees associated with especially the Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) makes malpractice unavoidable as poor students cannot afford to repeat a given examination and would in the first instance do anything to pass it at all cost.A comprehensive submission by Anyiin (1998) identified the fundamental causes of examination malpracti ce to include: 1. Lack of necessary facilities for teaching/learning 2. Non-coverage of prescribed syllabuses due to their extensiveness and the general nonchalant attitude of teachers towards teaching. 3. Industrial actions by teachers. 4. Mass promotion of students in internal examinations. 5. The general misconception of good performance by some principals and the society as a means of enhancing the status of societal rating of the principals and their schools. . Faulty or lack of proper administration of examinations. 7. Imposition of school subjects on candidates by parents. 8. Poverty and greed on the part of the teachers who constitute the bulk of invigilators and examiners. 9. Constant increase in examination fees, among others. Statement of the Problem In the fight against examination malpractice, it appears that no one is exonerated. As exposed in the preceding section, education stakeholders, the students, as well as the national economy could rightly be apportioned blame s for the preponderance of this menace.In sum, these variables tend to operate interdependently such that there is a cumulative influence, with one variable buttressing the others. This could be seen in the fact that the poor economic situation in the country has compelled most poor parents to resort to unethical means in order that their wards may pass their examinations at one sitting. Therefore, this research investigates remote causes of examination malpractice in Nigeria with a view to proffering effective methods for curbing the menace.

Respiration and Photosynthesis

â€Å"Respiration† and â€Å"Photosynthesis† All life depends on two chemical reactions â€Å"Respiration† and â€Å"Photosynthesis†. These two processes are quite crucial because they are a source to nearly all life on Earth. Both of these processes are quite similar yet differentiate vastly. In this essay I’ll be comparing and contrasting â€Å"Photosynthesis† and â€Å"Respiration†. I’ll start by discussing what actually happens in both these processes and how? Moving on to the energy transfers these processes go through and how these reactions relate to each other. Plants feed using a process called ‘Photosynthesis’. Photosynthesis is the chemical change which happens in the leaves of green plants. It’s the first step towards making food; not just for plants but ultimately every animal on the planet. During this reaction carbondioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen. For this reaction to occur both carbon and nitrogen are absorbed from the roots as nitrate and so is carbon as carbondioxide from the air and it also needs energy as the reaction is endothermic, therefore the energy is ‘light’ from the sun. This is absorbed by a green substance called chlorophyll in the leaf. Therefore, photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts which are present in the palisade cells (found near the top of the leaf. ) (fig: 1 ) As chloroplasts contain a green pigment called chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy needed to make photosynthesis happen. The equation for this reaction is: 6CO2 + 6H2O+ light energy —> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Sugars created in photosynthesis can be later converted by the plant to starch for storage, or it can be combined with other sugar molecules to form specialized carbohydrates such as cellulose, or it can be combined with other nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, to build complex molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Moreover, ‘respiration’ is reversibly related to photosynthesis because it takes in light energy and respiration gives out energy, which is used by the body as the glucose is converted into starch or stored. Oxygen is consumed unlike in photosynthesis, although in respiration energy is released in a more controlled and manageable way. During photosynthesis water and carbondioxide are chemically combined to make glucose and oxygen. The equation as follows: C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O In addition, respiration and photosynthesis are both processes which depend on each other on a very wide scale. Fig: 2 explains this. (Fig: 2 ): Shows a cycle and how photosynthesis and respiration are dependent on each other. As the leaf produces oxygen through photosynthesis and then that oxygen is inhaled by an animal. Later, the animal breathes out carbondioxide, and that is then absorbed by the plants through leaves by the air, in order for respiration to happen; making this ongoing cycle continue. Though photosynthesis only takes place in leaves of plants (inside palisade cells) during the presence of light, respiration takes place in every living organism inside the mitochondria of the cell, with or without light being present or not. As all cells need energy through the sugar they made in their leaves; oxygen moves through diffusion through the plant from cell to cell. Any oxygen not used by the plant in respiration, leaves the plant through tiny holes under the leaf called stomata. That’s then part of the air we breathe, making the whole process start again. That’s how closely photosynthesis and respiration are linked to each other. Whilst, both respiration and photosynthesis are quite similar yet unlike at the same time. Respiration is a process by which energy is liberated. On the other hand photosynthesis is a procedure where energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules as in, photosynthesis is an anabolic (constructive) process, resulting in the building up of carbohydrate molecules. While in respiration a catabolic (destructive) process occurs, resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate molecules. So, respiration results in a loss in dry mass where photosynthesis is totally the opposite, it results in a gain in ordinary mass. Furthermore, there are enzymes involved in the process of respiration. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up a reaction. The organic compounds that are broken down are substrates. Glucose is the most common substrate. The general equation for respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP During respiration, glucose undergoes glycolysis forming pyruvic acid. Glycolysis consists of nine separate chemical reactions, each catalysed by a specific enzyme. The key players in glycolysis are the enzymes ‘dehydrogenase’ and a coenzyme (a non-protein helper). So, in photosynthesis is catalysed by chlorophyll. To summarize, photosynthesis takes the raw ingredients of water, carbondioxide and uses light to make glucose and oxygen. Despite, respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbondioxide and water as waste products. Both these processes takes place in cells except respiration takes place in the mitochondria of a cell. Photosynthesis is catalysed by chlorophyll acting in concert with lipids or sugars, while in respiration ‘dehydrogenase’ is used. Nevertheless, photosynthesis and respiration both are a part of an ongoing cycle and work together in order for plants or animals to survive.

Solutions for Teaching in an Overcrowded Classroom

Solutions for Teaching in an Overcrowded Classroom One of the biggest issues facing schools and teachers today is overcrowding. A combination of an increasing population and a decrease in funding has caused class sizes to soar. In an ideal world, class sizes would be capped at 15 to 20 students. Unfortunately, many classrooms now regularly exceed 30 students, and it is not uncommon for there to be more than 40 students in a single class. Classroom overcrowding has sadly become the new normal. The issue is unlikely to go away anytime soon, so schools and teachers must create workable solutions to make the best out of a bad situation. Problems Created by Overcrowded Classrooms Teaching in an overcrowded classroom can be frustrating, overwhelming and stressful. An overcrowded classroom presents challenges that can feel nearly impossible to overcome, even to the  most effective teachers. Increasing class sizes is a sacrifice many schools have to make in order to keep their doors open in an era where schools are underfunded. Overcrowded classrooms create a number of problems for modern school systems, including: There is not enough of the teacher to go around. Students perform better when the teacher is able to give one-on-one or small-group instruction on a regular basis. As classroom size increases, this becomes increasingly difficult to do. Overcrowding increases classroom discipline issues. Large classes packed with students provide more opportunities for personality conflicts, tension, and general disruptive behavior. Even the best teachers find it difficult to manage an overcrowded classroom successfully and can find themselves spending more time managing their classroom than they do teaching. Struggling students fall further behind. Average and below-average students will struggle to advance in an overcrowded classroom. These students need more direct instruction, one-on-one instructional time and minimal distractions to maximize their learning potential. Standardized test scores suffer. While many teachers would argue that there is an overemphasis placed on test scores especially in America’s public schools, the chance of successfully improving proficiency on a standardized test decreases as the number of students in the classroom increases. The overall noise level is increased. This is an expected result when you increase the number of students in the classroom. Louder classrooms translate to distractions making it more difficult for students to learn and for teachers to teach. Teacher stress is increased often leading to teacher burnout. More students translate to more stress. Many excellent teachers are opting to leave the profession because it is not worth the stresses they deal with on a daily basis. Overcrowding leads to less access to equipment and technology. Space is already at a premium for many schools and there often is not enough room to accommodate specialties such as science or a computer lab. District Solutions to Overcrowded Classrooms Increasing class sizes should be the last resort for any school district. It should never be a starting point. There are many other ways to trim a budget. If all other options are exhausted, then schools may be forced to enact what is known as a reduction in force, where teachers and staff are laid off for budgetary reasons and class sizes subsequently increase. Even with tight budgets, districts can take certain actions to ease overcrowding issues: Take advantage of ability grouping. Schools should use benchmark assessments to determine student placement. Class sizes should be kept relatively small for those who perform unsatisfactorily. Students who are strong academically have less to lose in an overcrowded classroom. Provide teachers with an aide. Providing a teacher with an aide can help decrease the burden on the teacher. Aides receive a lower salary, so placing them in overcrowded classrooms would improve the student/teacher ratios while keeping costs low. Lobby for more funding. Schools administrators and teachers should regularly lobby their state and local representatives for more funding. They should keep them apprised of issues overcrowding is causing. Administrators can also invite them to spend time at their school so that they can see the impact of overcrowding. Solicit local donations. Private schools are able to keep their doors open due to tuition and to a large extent by soliciting donations. In tough financial times, public school administrators should not be afraid to solicit donations either. Teachers across the country have sought and used public donations for everything from technology upgrades to classroom basics like notebooks and paper. Every dollar counts and even garnering enough donations to hire an extra teacher or two each year can make a significant difference. Apply for grants. There are thousands of grant opportunities made available to schools each year. Grants exist for almost everything including technology, supplies, professional development and even teachers themselves. Teacher Solutions to Overcrowded Classrooms Teachers in an overcrowded classroom must be exceptionally organized. They have to be well prepared every day. They must develop a fluid system through trial and error to maximize the time they have with their students. Teachers can generate solutions for overcrowded classrooms by: Creating energetic and engaging lessons: Every lesson must be enticing, energetic and fun. It is easy for students in any class to be distracted and lose interest, but this is especially true in a large classroom. Lessons must be fast-paced, unique and full of attention grabbers. Tutoring struggling students who need more time after school: There simply is not enough time to provide struggling students with the one-on-one time that they need. Tutoring these students two to three times a week after school gives them a better shot at being successful. Assigning seats and rotating when necessary: With a large class, teachers must be structured, and this starts with strategically placed assigned seats. Students who are low academically and/or are behavior issues should be assigned seats toward the front. Students who are high academically and/or are well behaved should be provided seats toward the back. Understanding that the dynamics in an overcrowded classroom will be different: It is essential that teachers understand that there are significant differences in a classroom of 20 students compared to a classroom of 30 or 40. Teachers have no control over how many students are in their classes, so they cannot allow themselves to become stressed due to things that are out of their control. Teachers should understand that they are not going to be able to spend time with each student every day. They should understand that they will not get to know each student on a personal level. That is simply the reality in an overcrowded classroom. Lastly, structure is very important in any classroom but especially so in a classroom with lots of students. Teachers need to establish clear rules and expectations on day one, and then follow through as the year progresses. Clear rules and expectations will help create a much more manageable class- where students know what they are required to do and when- especially an overcrowded one.

Course Review Essay †English 1 page Essay

Course Review Essay – English 1 page Essay Free Online Research Papers Course Review Essay English 1 page Essay As a general rule, I do not like to write. The research that goes along with writing is interesting, but I am not a fan of putting research together to make it flow. I have come to realize, however, that writing and college go hand in hand, especially in ENC 1102. During the course of this class, I was required to write 4 papers and blog numerous times, both of which are impossible to complete without writing. Through this class, I have learned that the best method for me to write papers, that I can write a paper about a controversial issue, that the technology was helpful, and that perhaps an online class would have been more appropriate. From this English class, I learned that my papers turn out better when someone else reads what I have written to find grammatical errors and places where it doesn’t flow. For each paper I wrote this semester, I had someone proof read, however, it was not in during the class. I found that when my peers in the class read and edited my papers, I did not receive adequate feedback, and I was not completely comfortable accepting their advice not knowing what kind of a writer they are. In high school, my mom proof read all my papers, but this year, usually I had one of my roommates help me. For me, peer editing in class did nothing more than allow me to find out how my peers felt about the topic in which I was writing. I found that the most useful editor was someone I knew from outside of class. Also, I learned that when I write a paper, usually it turns out better if I write it a couple of days before it is due. The best method for me is to research the topic, then the next day write what comes to my head, and finally in a day or so I will sit down and perfect and revise it. This seems to give my brain a chance to organize the thoughts and information that I have learned, so that when I revise it, I doesn’t take very long. The assignment that I found the most interesting in ENC 1102 was project 2, the ethical perspectives paper. The topic I chose was sex education in America. Normally I don’t like to write about controversial issues because that means that I have to take a strong stand for one side of an argument. However, I found it interesting to see the ongoing arguments about whether public education should be required to teach sex education, and/or what method they should go about doing it. I learned that I actually enjoy doing the research on topics that I am interested in, and in turn, the paper is then relatively easy to write. I did however run into a few problems while trying to cite my sources. In a few places, in my essay, I cited when it was unnecessary or had too many facts in one paragraph. Other than that, it turned out relatively well. I do wish that I had received more feedback, however, so I would be able to grow and change the way I write. For each assignment that was required, I used CQ researcher and the blackboard website to find out what to write about. The technology made it very easy to access my grades and the syllabus. It did make it hard when sometimes when the information would change from day to day, but for the most part, I found it a useful tool. My favorite part about the blackboard site was that, at any given time, I was able to determine my grades, which was very helpful in aiding my learning process. CQ researcher was the other tool that I utilized for all of my papers. It allowed me to have access to many different topics that I would never have thought to write about. It allowed me to view information and resources from both sides of an issue. Technology played a key role in my education. If I had a chance to take ENC 1102 over again, I would take it as an online class. I found the classroom experience not to be very helpful in improving my writing, even though sometimes I was engaged in interesting debates. When I went to class, the students in class didn’t seem very interested in learning though, so for me, most of what I learned what from the research I completed. I feel that most of the time spent in class would have been better spent actually writing the papers and researching. For my learning style, an online class would better suit my needs. As a freshman, I feel that I learned some key things about who I am as a writer and the methods in which I write the best. I learned that I actually can write a paper about a controversial issue and am able to take a stand for one side or the other. For me, I write the best when I do it over a period of time rather than the night before, that way I have time to let others read and proof read it. Writing is not as bad as had previously I thought, especially now since my knowledge has grown. Since writing will haunt me for the rest of my life, I am very grateful that I understand the process better and can express my thoughts on paper with the help of the ENC 1102 class. Research Papers on Course Review Essay - English 1 page EssayStandardized TestingBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHip-Hop is ArtResearch Process Part OneAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseBringing Democracy to AfricaHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay

Prediction of Stall Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Prediction of Stall - Essay Example The phenomenon of stall is shown in the figure below:- Stall occur due to a number of reasons and can thus be divided into a number of types1 like power off stalls (also called approach-to-landing stalls, practiced by pilots to simulate normal approach-to-landing conditions and configuration), Power-on stalls (also known as departure stalls, practiced by pilots to simulate takeoff and climb-out conditions) and Accelerated stalls (experienced at higher-than normal airspeeds due to applying abrupt or excessive controls to aircraft and may occur in steep turns, pullups or other abrupt changes in your flight path.). Many aircraft in Flight Sim use a stall indicator to alert you when the airflow over the wing(s) approaches a point that lift cannot be sustained. The stall indicator is part of aircraft for a reason so no one should ignore it. Setup a numerical optimization procedure that can be useful to the aerodynamicist in the rapid design and development of high-lift system configurations and that can also provide derivative information regarding the influence of various design parameters (gap, overlap, slat and flap deflection angles, etc.) on the performance of the system. The variables that describe the relative elem... His aircraft experiences buffeting, uncontrollable pitching or vibrations that begin just before the stall occurs. Many aircraft in Flight Sim use a stall indicator to alert you when the airflow over the wing(s) approaches a point that lift cannot be sustained. The stall indicator is part of aircraft for a reason so no one should ignore it. Design Procedure The design calculation is an important procedure that solves two purposes as under:- Improve the take-off and landing performance of existing high-lift systems using an adjoint formulation. Setup a numerical optimization procedure that can be useful to the aerodynamicist in the rapid design and development of high-lift system configurations and that can also provide derivative information regarding the influence of various design parameters (gap, overlap, slat and flap deflection angles, etc.) on the performance of the system. Flow diagram of the above procedure is depicted as under:- Figure 3: Flow diagram of the design calculation procedure The variables that describe the relative element positioning can be used as design variables. These variables include flap and slat deflection angles, gaps, overlap, shapes of each of the elements and many more depending on method used2. Like in Continuous Adjoint Method, variables are flow-field variables and the physical location of the boundary. Then the governing equation which expresses the dependence of these variables can be written in flow field domain in form of partial differential equations. After introducing a Lagrange Multiplier and solving adjoint equations and applying boundary conditions we get gradient equation3. An active transparent stall control system utilizing sensors, actuators, and a closed-loop controller was designed and tested on a NACA 0020

SOX Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

SOX Project - Essay Example Inside the houses of the Senate, it is commonly called the Sarbanes-Oxley, Sarbox or is a United States Federal law which was enacted on July 30th, 2002. The act came into being because of a number of scandals that went on to affect a number of major corporate big shots. These included the Enron, Tyco International, Adelphia, Peregrine System and WorldCom. The scandals resulted in a loss of billions and billions of dollars and trampled share prices of the companies that were affected. Inadvertently, this followed by a major confidence lapse on security exchanges where the investors were concerned. The act has been named after a U.S Senator and a US Representative-Paul Sarbanes and Michael G. Oxley and was approved by a vote of 423-3 and by the Senate 99-0. While signing it and approving it President George W Bush, called it one of the most far reaching reforms of American business practices ever since Franklin D. Roosevelt. The legislation marked the beginning of new and enhanced standards for most U.S public company boards and accounting firms. Privately held companies are not stipulated to comply with the act. It is home some 11 titles and section which vary immensely and cater to additional corporate board responsibilities to criminal penalties. It is the responsibilities of the Securities and Exchange Commission to implement the requirements to comply with the new law. This was done under the supervision of Harvey Pitt who ensured the adoption of a dozen other rules to implement the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. However this is not the end and be it of all. There is still a lot of debate and argument in place over the prospect benefits of SOX. Supporters believe that the legislation has been extremely affective in restoring public confidence in the nation's capital markets and has helped strengthened corporate accounting controls. On the other hand, the opponents of the bill are of the view that this bill has taken away the competitive edge that the United States had against other financial markets. Sarbanes-Oxley comprises of 11 sections each of which prescribe specific mandates and features essential for financial reporting. These sections are titled as follows: 1. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) 2. Auditor Independence 3. Corporate Responsibility 4. Enhanced Financial Disclosures 5. Analyst Conflicts of Interest 6. Commission Resources and Authority 7. Studies and Reports 8. Corporate and Criminal Fraud Accountability 9. White Collar Crime Penalty Enhancement 10. Corporate Tax Returns 11. Corporate Fraud Accountability Compliance plan The need to establish internal controls for the purposes of financial reporting and operational integrity has been specifically mentioned in the Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley act. An effective internal control system is essential to comply with Sarbanes-Oxley. An internal control system helps prevent the company from non compliance and will keep it updated about any failures in its system that may have to be addressed on an immediate basis. Internal controls can be of both types i.e. detective and preventive and are incumbent in deterring if regulatory requirements are being met. Henceforth, enough though and consideration must be plugged in, in developing and maintaining those controls. The following can be

Criminology -Differential Association + Institutional Anomie Theories Essay

Criminology -Differential Association + Institutional Anomie Theories - Essay Example Agnew assumes that individuals from all social classes engage in crime, as all are geared towards success and economic fulfilment. In fact, the general strain theory should not be confined to economic fulfilment as whether from a low social class or higher, individuals would rebel if what they own is taken away from them and their success therefore hampered or in cases of negative emotions. In such a case therefore, the poor will have to steal or rob in order to recover the lost property or be at the same social level with the rest of the members of the community, while those in a higher social class would engage in fraud or embezzlement of funds, in most cases at the work place so that they can keep being rich; so as to be able to deal with the negative emotions that are as a result of the strain they experience. He further argues that an individual’s inability to achieve the success they aspire, in terms of money can lead to strain and therefore push someone into engaging in crime. He also says, â€Å"Many middle and upper class people in the United States want more money than they can have and obtain through legitimate channels†. Therefore, this strain on an individual to attain monetary success is what pushes them to engage in white-collar crime so that they can deal with the strain completely; mostly in cases where they are not offered solutions for the strain they are experiencing. An individual may for instance fake various documents in order to land a new lucrative job they have always wished to have. This is fraud, which is a white collar-crime. In relation to the general strain theory, white collar crime, just like any other criminal activity is as a result of the negative emotions one has when what they want or need is not being achieved. Fraud and embezzlement of funds for instance in most cases takes place in

Evilness beyond comprehension Essay Example for Free

Evilness beyond comprehension Essay This story depicts how a certain innocent person was condemned and was sentenced to death for a crime he did but with an innocent motive. The story goes on around a certain person’s life in a ship where he was said to be one of the crew. Billy as a character depicted in the story is a person whose innocence can not be changed into hatred for other people. Though his surrounding is full of people with evil motives, he is still into trusting them with full innocence. Evilness beyond comprehension Such evilness is beyond the main character’s understanding, and his being weak causes him to lose his sense of defending himself. With this state of the character’s condition, some people around him tend to abuse his weakness, such as the character which is depicted as an evil person in the story who’s Claggart. Claggart as an evil influence in the story caused Billy to use a brutal way to express Billy’s madness because he is speechless; Billy was then susceptible in making an attack due to the evil atmosphere on the ship. By Billy’s innocence, he was dragged to the wilderness of violence. It is beyond his comprehention that it is indeed the evil’s intention to ruin the goodness in his heart. Indeed the evilness had him offguard that had caused him to be condemned. The writer depicted his main character’s innocence as something to be really loved and liked by other people but also a personality which is something to be pitied about. Billy depicting Jesus Christ In simple but complex ways, the main character was said to be somehow depicting Jesus Christ’s sacrifice for the betterment of everyone. He was, as Jesus was condemned to death though they are both innocent. It is showed in the story that the main character’s innocence is really a great lost of its essence in the humankind; though it is said to be wrong depicting Christ’s figure in an ordinary man such as Billy who is said to be an unsound person. The distinction between the divine characters of Christ with that of Billy is that; Billy will not intentionally give up his life or sacrifice himself for other people’s good. On the contrary, Christ accepted being condemned to death for people in the world’s salvation. Another way in which the story of Billy could depict the story of Christ is the story when Pontius Pilate tends to wash his hand to show that he is not responsible for Christ condemnation. On the other hand in Billy’s story, Captain Vere pushed through the military view of law and condemned Billy because he was thinking about what his mates would think of him if he will not punish Billy with what they think would suit the latter for his crime. Both of the character who’s Pontius and Vere, are playing innocent for an unjust case. Between innocence and evil, the author depicted Claggart as the evil one, and goodness was depicted by Billy. The character of Billy in the story is paralleled to many of the bibbles characters and some of those are Adam which is said to be the first man who is born innocent in the world and was also presented as having the same figure of Christ. On the contrary, Claggart was depicted as characterized by evil wher he was paralleled to Satan’s characteristics and figures who motivated and/or influenced Billy to do evil. Billy died simply because he could not defend himself from the evilness that’s in this world, he could not understand the role of evil, and mostly he could not do any defense from evil because he don’t understand what is meant by being evil. Conflict after Billy’s death After Billy had been condemned, there had been a lot of conflicts that had happened after his execution; such as the Bellipotent engaging in a ship war where captain Vere died. The continuous spread of Billy’s story which had became a chronicle for the others, and mysteriously there were a continuous condemnation that happened to different ports in the manner that Billy was condemned. Themes There were themes considered in the story such as a certain Conscience Versus Law this was shown when captain Vere had a confusion of how to decide for Billy’s case. Captain Vere as a friend, he had difficulty on deciding what to do with Billy’s case because Billy was a dear friend to him but then Captain Vere’s responsibility as an authority caused him to sentence Billy for condemnation. After that, the captain was chased by the thoughts of Billy and was bothered by his own conscience because he know that he did not consider Billy’s reasons until he died and repeatedly uttered his friend’s name. Another one is a person’s Vulnerability of Innocence; the story was all about the main character’s innocence versus the evilness around him. It is said that innocence versus evilness is different from goodness versus evilness. Billy was a person who is innocent about almost everything which caused his weakness to do evil. He was a person who is morally weak and so naive about evilness because it is shown that evilness is beyond his comprehension. The story showed how Billy’s heart was corrupted and changed into evilness because he was unable to distinguish which is evil when he encountered it. The result is that he let alone violence to come out of him that caused him to kill Claggart unintentionally. Individual Versus Society is also considered as a theme of the story. In the story, the author tried to depict how the society pushed its forces for a certain person to be individually oppressed, that the society limits a certain person of his/her being as an individual. It is shown in the story when Captain Vere encountered difficulty dealing with Billy’s case; he had difficulty in considering what the society wants according to his obligation and what he feels. In deciding for the main characters condemnation, Captain Vere considered his obligation and followed what the law implies; hence he knows and feels that Billy is an innocent person by nature. He then as a leader by profession, pushed through to the jurors about Billy’s execution. It is depicted in the story how society dictates a certain person of how to decide, that their view is more important than that of a persons own view. Considered law The law is made by a constitution for all the people to follow in order to maintain a peacefull world to live in hence a law can still be bend or altered by the people who work on it such as jury and society. They can change law according to their own views and consideration thus it can also be altered through the views of others. One example of a circumstance in the story is when Captain Vere sentenced Billy to death though he knew to himself that Billy is innocent. He decided to condemn billy because hye was afraid of what other people would think if he considered Billy and gave him a simple punishment. The law which Billy’s case was considered was in a military law where the people who are considered as enemies are brutally punished. And that the law was very different from the law in which Billy was supposed to be considered; in a civilian law, where considerations to human were given. There are a lot of strategies and different views when it comes to law, but the best way in viewing law in which it is not considered in Billy’s case was seeking for a principle that would lead them into a just result to both sides. On the contrary, the law which is depicted in the story is really unjust. The loss of correct judgment of the law in the story was shown when Billy was condemned even without hearing his side of the story or considering his motive why he had done such crime. Billy’s justice was also deprived when the ship’s captain did not tell the true story about what had really happened, instead, he pushed the case through until poor Billy was sentenced death. In the context of the story, mercy came in when Billy’s death was given justice. It happened when the ship, Bellipotent, lost from a ship war and captain Vere was wounded and eventually did not survived. In the captain’s last minutes of his life, he was continuously murmuring Billy’s name. This only depicts that â€Å"evil ones who do not give justice are also not given justice in the end†. â€Å"Those who deprive other’s life are also deprived in life in the end†. What the story meant for the readers We can learn a lot of moral values in the story. We can learn in the story that innocence is indeed an admirable character hence it should not cover a person’s knowledge about evilness because it could cause a person to be easily influenced in doing evil. We can also learn from the story that innocence could cause a certain person weakness and vulnerability that could be the main cause for him/her to be deprived by others by his own life. Thesis This story only tends to show the readers how difficult it is to live in this world full of evil forcess thus a person like Billy is innocent about such thing. It depicts how a human would only suffer of his innocence in this kind of world. And that innocence is vulnerable to evilness and deprivation to life. as the character was deprived of his life due to his innocence and lack of comprehention about evilness. Also that the law which is supopsed to give justice; it is the one that deprives people by not considering a certain accused persons statement or side. The kind of law in the story is the one that manipulates a person to view the case in a right manner according to the true essence of justice (Melville, 1924). Works Cited Melville, H. (1924). Billy Budd [Electronic Version] from http://www. sparknotes. com/lit/billybudd/canalysis. html.