The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 2670 Words

Jim is no doubt the most complex character of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. From the beginning of the novel to the end, readers go on a journey that exhibits Jim’s development as a character as he gradually goes from being a supporting character to becoming a full-fledged protagonist. Throughout the novel, his character slowly evolves into one of the most intricate characters of Huckleberry Finn. When he was first introduced, Jim was seen as a purely simple and gullible â€Å"background† character. Chapter by chapter, Jim’s simplicity and innocence slowly develops, showing his true nature. Being the only African American protagonist in the novel, Jim had a different sense of growth compared to other characters,†¦show more content†¦In the first act of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Jim is depicted as a background-type character; he seemed like a character that had no meaning in the story. He was first introduced as a slave, belonging to Huckleberry’s guardian, Miss Watson. Twain initially portrays Jim as a sort of â€Å"comic† character; he was first introduced as a fairly simple and gullible character. Twain begins his characterization of Jim by describing him to be very superstitious. After Huck and Tom’s prank of taking off Jim’s hat and hanging it on a branch while he was sleeping, â€Å"Jim said the witches bewitched and put him in a trance† (Twain 6). Twain creates a stereotype towards Jim and other slaves by characterizing them to be very superstitious characters. The concept of superstition is crucial in Jim’s character because, since he is a slave, Jim does not get good education, so supernatural ideas, such as the â€Å"witches,† are the only thing that he learns. Later in the novel, when Huck sees his father’s footprints in the snow, he gets confused, so he goes to Jim and asks him why pap is there. Jim proceeds to pull out a ha irball, something in which he uses as a sort of â€Å"psychic 8-ball,† that â€Å"he used to do magic with† (Twain 17). His prophecy to Huck was rather vague, telling him to let his father, â€Å"take his own way.† Jim is shown to be very gullible, believing that his â€Å"magic† hairball could predict why or what

Nutrition Politics And Policy ( Food90027 ) - 1630 Words

Nutrition Politics and Policy (FOOD90027) Assignment 1 The Responds of Food Industries towards the Increase of Health Concerns by Reformulation and Reducing the â€Å"Bad† Nutrients towards the Products Introduction Over the past decade, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become the important health issues in the worldwide, especially in developed countries. The recent data shows that the global burden of NCDs caused by overweight and obesity continues to rise in which the mostly attributable factor of such condition is unhealthy dietary intake, such as sugar, salt, and fat. (DATA). Furthermore, some evidence mentioned that the overconsumption of unhealthy nutrients would lead to negative health impacts and the food industries are recognized as a part of those problems (DATA). Crino et al. (2015) argues that the changes in food supply related to the accessibility of highly processed and low-nutrient product provided by food manufactures are the key driver of overweight and obesity occurrence in population. The majority of prevention efforts focus on personalised approaches targeting individuals. Population-wide food supply interventions addressing sodium and trans fat reduction have proven highly effective and comparable efforts are now required to target obesity. The evidence suggests that strategies focusing upon reducing the energy density and portion size of foods will be more effective than those targeting spe- cific macronutrients. Government leadership, clearly

Process 2 Essay Example For Students

Process 2 Essay Purchasing Power Parity and International Commodity ArbitrageForeign ExchangeForeign exchange refers to two different things. The first is currency claims expressed in the equivalent value in foreign money. The second is actual transactions involving the conversion of money of one country into that of another. Foreign exchange is necessary because different countries have different monetary units. One countrys currency typically cannot be used in another country. The determination of the price at which the currency of one country will be or should be exchanged for that of another country is the basis of this and many other essays and studies. Foreign exchange is a commodity, and its price fluctuates based on supply and demand, like any commodity. This is not the place for a complete discussion of supply and demand as relates to foreign exchange, but for our purposes, we will assume that supply of and demand for a countrys currency moves along with the supply of or demand for that countrys products or the products of its trading partners. For example, if one country buys many more goods from its neighbor than its neighbor buys from it, the balance of payments at the end of the year will cause its neighbors currency to be in great demand, thereby driving its price up. What in fact sets the exchange ratio between two currencies? Obviously supply and demand, but what causes supply and demand to set exchange rates at appropriate levels? With this question we begin the next section. What is Purchasing Power Parity?Perhaps the single most well known concept in foreign exchange theory is that of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). The basic idea of PPP is that currencies represent purchasing power over goods and services. Either the exchange rate or price levels adjust to keep purchasing power constant. For example, say a particular basket of goods sells for $2000 in America and 1000 GBP in Great Britain. According to PPP, the exchange rate of dollars to pounds should be 2:1. If it were not 2:1; if, for example only 1.5 dollars was needed to purchase 1 pound, an arbitrageur would buy the basket of goods for 1000 pounds ($1500) and resell them in America for $2000. He would continue to do this until currency traders realized that they were being underpaid for their pounds and started to charge two dollars each for them, or Americans realized that they were paying too much for these goods and became willing to pay only $1500 for them, or some combination of the two. Supply and demand forces acting both on Great British pounds and this basket of goods would set the price based on the fact that the same amount of money should buy the same amount of goods anywhere in the world (PPP). The increased demand for pounds (in order to purchase these goods) will push its price up relative to the dollar, and the increased supply of this basket of goods will push its price down, to the point where PPP is achieved. Expressed mathematically, that point is:P(i,t) = S(t) x P*(i,t), whereS(t) = the current exchange rate (the domestic price of foreign exchange)P(i,t) = the current domestic currency price of commodity iP*(i,t) = the current foreign currency price of commodity iAt its simplest formulation, PPP is also called the law of one price (LOP). This formulation contains several caveats. First, LOP assumes that there are no transaction costs involved in buying a commodity in one market and selling it in another. Obviously, in a situation involving substantial transaction costs relative to the cost of the commodity in question, LOP will be empirically meaningless. Second, for this formulation to hold true, there must no barriers to trade. This would include prohibitions, tariffs, taxes, and quotas. Lastly, and perhaps most obviously, is that we must be comparing homogeneous goods. .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 , .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .postImageUrl , .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 , .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404:hover , .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404:visited , .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404:active { border:0!important; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404:active , .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404 .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u617e29c4c1237cf282ba2bf5babbf404:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teen suicide EssayThe absolute version of PPP hypothesizes a similar relationship, with the exception that it uses price levels instead of specific commodity prices. Mathematically, the absolute version of PPP can be expressed thus:P(t) = S(t) x P*(t),whereP(t) = the domestic price level in domestic currencyP*(t) = the foreign price level in foreign currencyIn reality though, price levels are certainly not calculated with any regularity. The cost and time to compute it would be prohibitive. Instead, countries typically calculate a variety of price indexes. Therefore, people do not make absolute PPP calculations, but rather relative ones, involving price index ratios instea d. Relative PPP calculations also compensate for the fact that two economies may not have the same composition of goods. Mathematically, the absolute version of PPP can be expressed thus:P(t+T) = S(t+T) x P*(t+T),where P(t) S(t)P(t)P(t) = an index of a subset of goods and services in domesticcurrencyP*(t) = an index of a subset of goods and services in foreign currencyt = some datet + T = some later dateRelative PPP can also be modified to include the effects of disparate rates of inflation on the exchange rate. That is, since P(t+T) = 1+ #61549; , where #61549; is the domestic rate of inflation and P*(t+T) = 1+ #61549;* where #61549;* is the foreign exchange rate, we can algebraically alter our previous equation to:S(t+T) = 1+#61549; S(t) 1+#61549;*This latest version of our equation says that the proportional appreciation or depreciation of the foreign currency depends on whether inflation is higher in, respectively, the domestic or the foreign country. The Real Exchange RateOften however, exchange rates do not move within the framework of PPP. The real exchange rate is the exchange rate when PPP does not hold. PPP calculations are used extensively when developing international trade and monetary policy. Central banks use them to establish par values for their currencies, and arbitrageurs use them to help determine when market exchange rates are too high or low (i.e. when currencies are overvalued or undervalued). Most users of PPP calculations assume that the real exchange rate should return to levels dictated by PPP. In reality though, exchange levels clearly do not stabilize at PPP dictated levels. Foreign exchange does exist. While some of that is clearly due to products that lay outside our discussion of PPP, such as goods that are not available in some area, obviously not all of it is. For foreign trade to occur, there has to be a price differential high enough at the destination sufficient to cover shipping, tariffs, financing, insurance, and any other costs involved in transferring goods from one location to another. Not only must price differentials exist, but they also must remain for trade to persist. We will define the real exchange rate, in terms of price levels as:R(t) = P(t)/(S(t)P*(t))And in terms of price indexes as follows:R(t+T) = P(t+T)/P(t) S(t+T)/S(t)P*(t+T)/P*(t)Obviously, when absolute and relative PPP holds true for whichever scenario is under discussion, the real exchange (R(t)) will be equal to one. Despite our previous discussions, however, these exchange differentials are consistent with both purchasing power parity and with the absence of commodity arbitrage opportunities. These price differentials cover the additional costs mentioned above and allow the importer/exporter to reap a nominal profit. For this reason, empirical studies have established that there exist large and continuing deviations of the real exchange rate from LOP. It seems that these deviations embody the cost of trade, and are not arbitrage opportunities. Empirical tests have generally supported this. One positive to this, in terms of the usefulness of LOP is that current deviations from the LOP can be used to forecast future deviations, since these would not be expected to substantially change. .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 , .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .postImageUrl , .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 , .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40:hover , .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40:visited , .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40:active { border:0!important; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40:active , .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40 .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc28e8e838923842efeb293087ff75a40:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Job at Family Dollar EssayConclusionIn conclusion, though the simple law of one price formulation of purchasing power parity we started with obviously does not hold true when the requirements for that theory are stripped away, as in the real world, the concept that the same amount of money should purchase the same amount everywhere does have validity. Any of us who have traveled between countries knows that some goods are more expensive, and some are less expensive in other countries. When we factor in all the variables discussed above, this begins to make sense. It is not logical to pay $1 to ship something from Haiti to America if the price differential is only $0.50. This also obviously does not constitute an arbitrage opportunity.

Moral System Essays - Utilitarianism, Normative Ethics,

Moral System The installation of a moral system is vital in every society. Yet, every moral system must deal with the major conflicting general moral issues: Consequentialism versus Non-consequentialism; Self versus Other-Interestedness; Act Utilitarianism versus Rule Utilitarianism; and Emotion versus reason. When all four areas are combined and examined there are conflicting views that must be resolved. First of all, there is the issue of Consequentialism and Non-consequentialism. Consequentialism is best described by utilitarianism, where decisions are based on the consequences of the outcome of the decision made. On the other hand, non-consequentialism is best described as an ethical theory that is based not on the consequences of the action, but on some " higher" moral standard that is placed upon them. Examples of non-consequentialism are Kant's Duty Ethics and Divine Command Theory. The conflict between the two is whether to do what is best according to the outcome or follow what one feels as the "higher" moral standard would require them to adhere to. Personally, I would resolve this area by choosing the consequentialist belief as my tool for judgement because I feel that people need to think about the consequences of their actions because if they don't then it will cause havoc in the society. Thus, I feel that consequentialism is the proper solution in this area. Secondly, there is the conflict between Self versus Other-Interestedness. The concept of self is best described as being selfish and only caring about oneself without worrying about what might happen to others. While the concept of other-interestedness is basically putting the needs of everyone else over your own (this is similar to utilitarianism). The big conflict is that most people are going to choose themselves first, but if this were a perfect society the people would worry about everyone first. If people would think about it, then they figure it out that they are included in everyone. Therefore, in this area I would solve the problem by choosing the theory of other-interestedness. Next, there is the issue of the act utilitarianism versus the rule utilitarianism. The act approach to utilitarianism is that a person should perform acts that will bring about the greatest good for the greatest number. On the other hand, the rule approach to utilitarianism is that people establish and follow rules which will bring about the greatest good for the greatest number. The major conflicting moral issue is whether or not there is freedom involved in the decision making process. Act utilitarianism gives unlimited freedom, while rule utilitarianism gives virtually no freedom, but rule utilitarianism gives structure and stability to the society. The best way to solve this area would be to have rule utilitarianism and act utilitarianism combined so that you have rules to give some structure to society but have the ability for the people to be allowed to express their individual freedoms in the society. Thus, I feel that a combination of the two is the best way solve this area of the moral system. Finally, there is the issue between reason and emotion. Reason is described as thinking about what the outcome of the decision would be, then making the decision. The theory of emotion is reacting to one's emotions without thinking about the possible outcome of the situation. In this situation one has to side with reason because if not the society would have people reacting to their emotions all the time which could chaos and would not fit into a utopian society. All of these four areas combined would help in establish an upright and proper moral system when applied correctly. I feel that the decisions that I made earlier in this essay are the proper ones needed for a good moral system.