The Decline of Feudalism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 690 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Feudalism Essay Did you like this example? The decline of feudalism is an aspect that is attributed to different factors. The elements are considered one of the significant issues that contributed to the rise of the modern world. The establishment of the existing social order is one of the features that have been employed in dealing with the required aspects that have been instrumental in defining the current world. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Decline of Feudalism" essay for you Create order The period of the crisis is attributed to the elements that have been employed towards addressing the crises that have developed in the long-term. The paper examines the different crises that have been instrumental in undermining the feudal system. The feudal orders are considered to have been concentrated on the accidental disintegration that has been thought to lead to unnecessary conflicts among the different classes. The fall of the feudal system is considered to have affected the social economic and political order that is being witnessed in the current world. The general crisis is, therefore, one of the critical factors that have led to the rise of the communal aspects that has been the cornerstone of the issues related to the fundamental foundations. The identified inherent weaknesses have been instrumental in determining the unique factors that led to the current crises and expressions. The fall of feudalism is considered one of the significant issues that have been developed with the aim of looking into the unique factors that have defined the European populations. The end of the perceived mediocrity and stagnation among the populace is one of the critical aspects used to determine the changes that led to the ultimate purpose of feudalism. The subsequent period after the 14th century played a vital role in defining the changes that occurred in society (Glassman 1698). The decay of the medieval society is also one of the critical factors that have led to the fast-changing aspects of growth and depression. The particular civilization was undermined by the intellectual doubts that were rising at an incredible rate. The weakening social and moral rot that was characteristic of the civilized societies that eroded the political foundation. The general picture was seen even though the disentangled perspectives were reduced substantially. The obscurity associated with the perceived image that was used to define the system of feudalism was poisoned by the demographic concerns that existed. The increased population in the periods before the 12thand the 13th century provided the perfect ground for the development of feudalism (Castles 10). The emergence of Black Death at the beginning of the 14th century was critical in initiating the decline. Significant sectors of the economy such as agriculture were significantly affected. The lad was particularly touched, and cultivation could not occur anymore. The decline led to the fall of the ruling class that was unable to withstand the changing prospects. A focus on the verdict class depicted inability to exert their control on the people making it difficult for the people to understand the differences that appeared in the system. The aspect led to the fall in the profits making it difficult for them to exert their control on the working class (Castles 7). The contraction of the seigneurial revenues meant that the feudal system was soon going to diminish its capabilities on the people. The aspect was characterized by the fall of the market for imported goods that were the key drivers of the European industries. One of the most affected was the textile industry that was later attributed to political causes. The tendency for the diminishing prospects was thus a significant contributor to the market drivers that were substantial issues in the lives of the people. In conclusion, the stagnation is perceived to have been a long grown fruit of the feudal system, and the people could not change it. The risk of error associated with the system led to the emergence of the associated innovations that were attributed to the crucial issues that were associated with the development processes. The advent of the social conflicts was one of the great pointers to the items that needed to be treated with the concerted effort to drive the reliable processes on the different aspects of political, social and economic problems.

Crime And The Criminal Justice System - 1812 Words

Since my research question is based on crime and the criminal justice system, I needed to find a data sample that could give me a wide presentation of offenders, victims, and crimes. Looking at how police act before and after a suspect is taken into custody could be very helpful towards the answering of my research question. With roughly eleven seasons of Criminal Minds, it offers one of the best possible ways in order to gain the information and knowledge of how TV crime drama are depicting offenders, victims, crime and the criminal justice system. Criminal Minds is based on people who work for the Behavioral Analysis Unit, a subsection of the FBI, based out of Quantico, Virginia. Called in to assist local police departments, the BAU†¦show more content†¦African American offenders are not over-represented in TV crime drama like they are on news networks. Nevertheless, one common theme that all of the episodes had in common was the fact that all offenders had some sort of pa st trauma that turned them into the killers they presently were. In one episode in particular, a female killer started to abduct and torture other females because that’s what she went through. She felt she was getting back at the people who did it to her but was actually hurting innocent victims. In all of the episodes I watched, whether it be about missionary or hedonistic killers, or male or female serial killers, they all had been either abused, forgotten, or left by the ones they loved which caused them to enter the cycle of violence. In season two, episode three of Criminal Minds, a female serial killer was physically, emotionally and mentally abused and assaulted at a young age, ultimately resulting in her becoming a sadistic abductor who watches her victims being tortured and raped by her dominated partner. Reid, one of the agents of the BAU says â€Å"this is a rare case where the abused actually became the abuser... it’s a 1 in 8 occurrence.† Not only i s it rare for a serial killer to be female, but for a person who was abused to actually inflict what she felt on others is around twelve percent. After watching episodes to gain more insight and knowledge into how the BAU works, I

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy And Its Effects On Insomnia...

It is unclear whether excessive thinking or stress mediates both insomnia symptoms and impairment, but therapy targeting dysfunctional beliefs about sleep has shown effectiveness for improvement. The main insomnia therapies targeting dysfunctional beliefs are cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), cognitive therapy (CT), and behavioral therapy (BT). CBT includes CT, which focuses on identifying and altering beliefs, and behavioral therapy (BT), which focuses on sleep restriction and maintenance of consistent sleep.12 Both Morin et al. and Eidelman et al. found CBT to improve insomnia and functioning.12,13 CT and BT was also shown improvements in insomnia symptoms, daytime improvement, and dysfunctional beliefs.12 Dysfunctional beliefs may be†¦show more content†¦Although the relationship is unclear and further research is needed to pinpoint the exact cause, changes in perception of sleep can show improvements in insomnia and daytime impairments. Medicine Medicine is a common treatment for insomnia, but the effectiveness of medicine remains uncertain. It is unclear whether medicine has profound improvements in sleep or whether residual symptoms may hinder functioning more. The presence of residual symptoms has shown an association with an additional day of unrestful sleep.15 Yet, medicine has shown improvements in sleep and functioning, although weaker in comparison to CBT15 and Mongolian medical acupuncture.11 Bo et al. directly studied the relationship between acupuncture and medicine,11 while Morin et al. used the relationship between CBT alone or with medicine.13 Morin et al. lacked a medicine only group, but instead furthered their study to examine whether further treatment or no treatment in both groups were effective or not.13 Conflicting with Fitzgerald et al., Morin et al. showed tapering medicine in the extension group to show less improvement in functioning.13 Cancelation of medicine and continuation of CBT would have stopp ed the presence of residual symptoms and therefore would have shown improvement, but was not the case. Although both CBT and medicine were both effective in improving sleep and daytime functioning, only CBT showed significant reductions in anxiety, depression, andShow MoreRelatedMillions are Affected by Insomnia1500 Words   |  6 Pages Insomnia is one of the sleep-wake disorders and affects millions on a daily basis. Individuals affected by insomnia can have trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, and/or having non-restorative sleep. According to the American Psychiatric Association, insomnia symptoms are reported by one-third of all adults and 10-15% of those adults experience daytime impairments related to insomnia while 6-10% of them actually meet the criteria for insomnia disorder (2013, p. 364-365). The occurrence of insomniaRead MoreSymptoms and Effects of Primary Insomnia Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesSymptoms and Effects of Primary Insomnia Insomnia, defined as difficulty in initiating or maintaining a restorative sleep that results in fatigue, the severity of persistence of which causes clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning (VandenBos, 2007, p. 485), connected with the pineal gland in the brain that produces melatonin that works with ‘circadian’ rhythms, which in time helps control sleep (Gillam, 2009). Through use of polysomnography, researchers find the possibilityRead MoreSymptoms and Effects of Primary Insomnia Essay917 Words   |  4 PagesSymptoms and Effects of Primary Insomnia The APA Dictionary of Pscyhology defines insomnia as a difficulty in initiating or maintaining a restorative sleep that results in fatigue, the severity of persistence of which causes clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning (VandenBos, 2007, p. 485). The pineal gland in the brain produces melatonin that works with ‘circadian’ rhythms, which in time help control sleep (Gillam, 2009). By use of polysomnography, researchers find thatRead MorePhysical And Mental Health Of Older Adults And Disorders Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pages 2015). This is disadvantageous because sleep is very important for the physical and mental health of older adults and disorders can have several serious effects (Rybarczyk et al., 2013). These include, but are not limited to, â€Å"increased risk for psychiatric disorders and serious medical conditions, reduced quality of life, cognitive impairment, increased risk for falls, and increased risk for mortality† (Luyster et al., 2015). 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The exact mechanism of antidepressant action of mirtazapine is not entirely understood, but theRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy For Insomnia2852 Words   |  12 Pages Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Bobbi Marie Pollard Loyola University Chicago School of Social Work Abstract Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is a recent framework developed to address the dysfunctional cognitions and behaviors that contribute to poor sleeping patterns. Insomnia often presents as a comorbidity to a medical or psychiatric disorder, but may also be an isolated diagnosis. According to research studies, benzodiazepine-receptor agonists (BzRAs) and cognitiveRead MoreSleep Disturbances And The Multifactorial Nature Of Insomnia1548 Words   |  7 PagesAge-Related Changes. The previously discussed models and hypotheses are important in understanding the foundation of sleep disturbances and the multifactorial nature of insomnia. However, it is imperative to also acknowledge the age-related changes that effect sleep architecture and sleep patterns in older adults. The medical field has defined individuals over the age of 65 as elderly, and those over the age of 75 as geriatric. Many changes involving how sleep is initiated and maintained occurRead MoreSymptoms And Symp toms Of Ptsd1383 Words   |  6 PagesSymptoms Diagnostic Criteria The symptoms of PTSD vary greatly, they may present as involuntary recurrent fear-based memories, dreams, or flashbacks of the traumatic event that are intrusive and disturbing (DSM-5, 2013). Or PTSD might present as withdrawal from normal activities as a measure to avoid distressed memories or social reminders of the event. Post-traumatic stress may even display selective memory, or distorted cognitions of the traumatic event. Some PTSD patients present to be extreme

Comparing Doaism and Mahayana Buddhism - 1016 Words

When it comes to comparing Doaism and Mahayana Buddhism very few similarities exist. Although both religions are practice based, opposed to religions based on faith, the ultimate goal of each religion are vastly different. In Daoism it is believed that the spirit is eternal after death while In Mahayana Buddhism we see that there is an end to the cycle of life, death, and rebirth. However, there is one similarity in both that is incredibly important to the practice of both religions. This similarity is the concept of emptiness. By observing the proper practices of Bodhisatvvas in Buddhism and the ideal ruler in Daoism we can see how both religions have a very similar view on the importance of emptiness, and also how they differ. In the Daoist text the Tao Teh Ching, there is mention of the idea of an empty bowl. This concept is very important and can be applied to many aspects of Daoist practice. When thinking of a bowl we understand it as something that is to be filled. How ever, as it is referred to in the Tao Teh Ching it is the empty space inside the bowl that gives it purpose. Metaphorically the bowl is a representation of our mind. If we fill our mind and in turn close it off to any new understanding we our limiting our potential. One of the most important concepts in Daoism is Wei Wu Wei, or, action without action. Like water bending and moving through a stream it is believed that people should act accordingly to nature not challenging or trying to act

What´s Emotional Intelligence Essay - 913 Words

Formally, Emotional Intelligence, commonly abbreviated as EI is defined as the capacity to reason of and about emotion so as to enhance reasoning or rather thinking. It is also defined as the capability of an individual to recognize and understand the meaning of emotions, their relations and use this information to reason critically and solve problems based on these emotions (Dann 78). The first Emotional Intelligence theory was initially developed by early psychologists back in the 1970s and 80s. This study was advanced and has been advancing over the past years. It has become very important in organizational development and developing people in the process. This is because the Emotional Intelligence or rather Emotional Quotient†¦show more content†¦A person with a higher EI will be a better performer compared to another with a lower EI. Employers and other managers should always ensure that they conduct regular experiments of their employees so as to know which positions a nd management roles to assign each one of them depending on their EI scores. It comes in handy especially where the objectives and goals of a particular company depend on the interpersonal skills. Tem playing is key to the success of each and every business. Working together makes work easier and more effective. For this reason, employees that score higher in EI tests should be placed in charge of the others. They should be the one to present Presentations effectively as well as make important decisions in the firm. These people are more proactive and much focused. Since EI can be improved as earlier stated, managers should always come up with new techniques of improving the EI of their workers. This will make them more productive individually as well as team players of the company. 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I intend to reveal and display Romeos emotional and psychological changes Essay Example For Students

I intend to reveal and display Romeos emotional and psychological changes Essay In this coursework, I intend to reveal and display Romeos emotional and psychological changes in his mood during the whole of Act 3 Scene 1. I will asses his mood before he met Juliet at the Capulets party and after it. I will also try to demonstrate how important this particular scene is as a whole and distinctively to the character of Romeo. This scene is very important as it leads to Romeo needlessly avenging the murder of his close friend Mercutio by killing Tybalt in another Montague V Capulet battle which leads to Romeos banishment from Verona and then to the couples death. Apart from this, I will express my ideas of how some of the scenes should be acted. Paragraph 1: At the beginning of the play, Romeo is deeply in love with a young girl called Rosaline. He is very sad and has become depressed as she has rejected him. His father, Montague, senses that something is wrong with his son, with tears augmenting the fresh mornings dew (Act 1 Scene 1 line 127). But yet he doesnt know what the cause of his sorrow is. He describes his son as secretive and reserved But to himself so secret and so close (Act 1 Scene 1 line 142). He thinks his son as a very unpredictable character; So far from sounding and discovery, as is the bud wit an envious worm (Act 1 Scene 1 lines 145-146). When Romeo enters the scene for the 1st time, you get the feeling that he is very sad. His body language is clearly a telling evidence of this as the book indicates that he sighs deeply before saying his line. He describes being Out of her favour where I am in love (Rosaline) (Act 1 Scene 1 line 164) as the reason for his unhappiness. He then transcends into self pity O, brawling love! O loving hate! (Act 1 Scene 1 line 172). After accidentally ending up at a party held by the Capulets, he meets Juliet. He instantly falls in love with her amazing beauty. As a rich jewel in an Ethiops ear- Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear (Act 1 Scene 5 lines 44-45). When he first talks to her, is on the subject of religious matters. If I profane with my unworthiest hand this holy shrine, the gentle sin is this (Act 1 Scene 1 lines 91- 92). When Benvolio reveals that Juliet is a Capulet, he is astounded but describes meeting her as having the best of the party. After the party, he quickly f orgets about Rosaline. This is demonstrated when he talks to Friar Lawrence. The friar asks him if hes been with Rosaline and Romeo responds With Rosaline, my ghostly father? No, Ive forgot that name and that name is woe (Act 2 Scene 3 lines 46-47). He then asks the friar to marry the two. When Friar Lawrence rebukes him for his rushed decision, he answers I pray thee chide me not. Her I love now doth grace for grace and love for love allow; the other did not. This is proof that he really believes that he loves and is loved by Juliet. In this paragraph, I have established how emotionally insecure Romeo is. His love for Rosaline and then for Juliet seem as very important things which virtually dictate his life. Paragraph 2: When Romeo enters in Act 3 scene 1, he is extremely happy as he has just married and spent the night with his new wife, Juliet. He is extremely happy that he has finally found the love of his life. He tries to be polite to Tybalt because he doesnt want any trouble with him because of their new family ties due to his marriage to a member of the Capulet household. In act 2 scene 6 lines 3-5, Romeo says But come what sorrow can, it cannot countervail the exchange of joy that one short minute gives me in her sight. I think that this quote tells us the magnitude of Romeos love for Juliet and his happiness at marrying her .I imagine that Romeo would enter very cheerful, with a big grin on his face. He would enter jumping about feeling very vigorous; filled with energy that his new love has given him. .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb , .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb .postImageUrl , .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb , .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb:hover , .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb:visited , .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb:active { border:0!important; } .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb:active , .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaf6cbb6a2550555ebcab908f056df2bb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Midsummer nights dream keeps us waiting EssayParagraph3: Tybalt, unaware of Romeos secret matrimony to his cousin Juliet, greets Romeo harshly. Romeo tries to calm Tybalt down by saying the reason that I have to love thee doth much excuse the appertaining rage to such a greeting (Act 3 Scene 1 lines 58-60). In this quote, he says in that because they are now part of the same family due their marriage, he would like to be friends with Tybalt. Romeo tries to go away from Tybalt who becomes more agitated due to Romeos puzzling words. Romeo claims to have never offended Tybalt. He says But loves thee better than thou canst devise till thou shalt know the reason of my love. A nd so good Capulet, which name I tender as dearly as mine own, be satisfied (Act 3 Scene 1 lines 65-68). In here, Romeo tries to explain that, because of their new unseen family ties, there is no need to fight and their family feuds should be forgotten. Mercutio then insults Tybalt who in turn draws his sword starting the fight. The text suggests that Romeo tries to ignore Tybalts constant insults by reminding his new family connections with him due to his recent bonding into the Capulet family circle. But his words are very baffling to Tybalt who then becomes twitchy and eager to fight. Romeo, scared and alarmed then tries to break up the fight by reminding Mercutio of his character for which he is know by Gentle Mercutio, put thy rapier up! When this fails, he asks Benvolio to stop them. He then reminds the pair of the Prince of Veronas banning on brawls between the Capulets and Montagues. He then runs between them as if saying that if they want to fight is going to be over his body. Paragraph 4: At first, when Mercutio complains of his wound, Romeo takes it light-heartedly not realizing the full extent of Mercutios injury Courage man, the hurt cannot be much (Act 3 Scene 1 line 92).Then Mercutio, realizing how bad his wound was, blames Romeo for his wound as Tybalt injured him under Romeos arm. Mercutio also blames the family feuds for his injury before dying A plague o both your houses, they have made worm meat of me (Act 3 Scene 1 lines 102-103) .Romeo then says I thought all for the best. He then blames himself for Mercutios wound which will then kill him but also shows of how embarrassed he is that Tybalt has made a mockery out him by killing Mercutio. my very friend, hath got this mortal hurt in my behalf- my reputation stained . Romeo then begins to realise that his love for Juliet has and will bring a lot of suffering between the households, this is demonstrated when he talks about Juliets beauty making him a bit of wimp and a coward and that he should have fought Tybalt. Oh sweet Juliet: Thy beauty hath made me effeminate: and in my temper softened valours steel! (Act 3 Scene 1 lines 109-11) When Benvolio comes back with news that Mercutio is dead, he describes the day as a dark one and his rest of his life filled with darker ones This days black fate on more days doth depend: This but begins the woe others must end( Act 3 Scene 1 lines 115-116). Paragraph 5: This moment of insanity on Romeos behalf is the one that seals the lovers fate. Tybalt comes back, according to Romeo alive, triumphant. Romeo is angry that his best friend has died skirmishing one of his own fights .He lets anger and rage takes control of him and therefore his actions And fired eyed fury be my conduct now!(Act 3 scene 1 lines 120). He demands an apology from Tybalt for calling him a villain; he then follows on by vowing revenge for his friends death. That late thou gavst me, for Mercutios soul is but a little way above our heads, stating for thine to keep him company. Either thou, or I, or both must go with him! (Act 3 Scene 1 line 122-125). When Tybalt refuses to apologise Romeo pulls out his sword and begins to fight him. .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363 , .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363 .postImageUrl , .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363 , .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363:hover , .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363:visited , .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363:active { border:0!important; } .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363:active , .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363 .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u49cd61f6ed51744f5ace42d142524363:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tolkien's serious EssayParagraph 6: In this scene, Romeo realizes what he has done. He has killed Tybalt and due to the law of Verona, the Prince would have to vanish him or even kill him. Romeo cannot bear to think this as either of the 2 would separate him from his true love Juliet. Romeo says o, I am a fortunes fool (Act 3 Scene 1 line 132). He blames bad luck for the misfortunes that have just unfolded. When he says this, he is unable to move because of what he has just done and the terrible consequences of it. Because of this the family feuds will still go on. I think that I would make the actor playing Romeo act pleased, cheerful, secure and pleased with himself just after killing Tybalt. I would do this because this would betray hide Romeos real emotions. Romeo was not pleased after killing Tybalt; he only killed the Capulet member because he acted driven by his rage and anger that engulfed him after Mercutios death. He was not cheerful because to him, he had killed one of his own as he was now a Capulet due to his marriage to Juliet. Also because it was his fault that Mercutio was killed. He would not feel secure, he would be petrified as his punishment could be very serious, his punishment would mean would force him to never see Juliet again, he could not bear this thought. He wouldnt be pleased either. Although Tybalt did kill Mercutio, he did not want to kill him. He had tried to be polite to Tybalt and it had backfired. He had tried to stop the fight but that also failed. Paragraph 7: My essay has demonstrated just how emotionally insecure the young Romeo is. From deep depression due to Rosalines rejects, to extreme joy and happiness after meeting Juliet, all of this in as short space of time. After his risky and somewhat rushed decision to marry Juliet, of the rival Capulet household, his emotions stabilize. His failure to handle the hostile Tybalt leads to his good friend Mercutios death. His immaturity lets anger and rage taker over him and ends in him killing Tybalt. This leads to him being vanished from Verona which creates another dilemma as he has to stay away from his wife Juliet. This essay proves how mentally unstable and immature Romeo is.

Common Law and the Statutory Law Provide the Provisions Relating

Question: How To the Common Law and the Statutory Law Provide the Provisions Relating? Answer: Introduction Tort denotes a wrong done by one individual, which causes other person some kind of harm and which attracts civil penalties. Negligence is one of the tort laws in Australia (Statsky, 2011). Negligence also denotes a civil wrong done, but which results from a violation of the duty, of caring the other person, for the work being done by the first person, due to the possibility of harm. It is crucial for the other person to be injured in a substantial manner to make a claim under negligence (Emanuel and Emanuel, 2008). Both the common law and the statutory law provide the provisions relating to negligence. The statutory laws differ on the basis of jurisdiction. For instance, in the State of New South Wales, causation, as an element is covered in the Civil Liability Act, 2002 (Legislation NSW, 2015). For Victoria, the elements of negligence, which have to be present to make a claim for it, are covered in section 18 of the Wrongs Act, 1958 (Legislation Victoria, 2010). Only after showing that all of the requisite elements, as per the common or the statutory law, as applicable, are present, can a claim of negligence be made and damages be applied for. The damages can also be reduced in cases of negligence, when the contributory negligence of the plaintiff can be clearly shown (Trindade, Cane and Lunney, 2007). The case of Keiths negligence and Ruths contributory negligence has been summarized below. Negligence When one person owes a duty or an obligation of care towards another person, due to the work being carried on by them, which has a possibility of resulting in other persons injury or loss, and this obligation is violated, it is a case of negligence (Greene, 2013). Negligence can only be claimed upon when six elements can successfully be shown to have been present. These six elements are duty of care, violation of obligation of care, causation, remoteness, foreseeability and lastly, damages (Lambiris and Griffin, 2016). Duty To start a case of negligence, one must show that a duty or an obligation of care was owed towards another. For establishing a duty of care, the threefold test given by the court in Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 is often used. In this particular matter, the judges stated that there has to be a presence of three different aspects to show the presence of duty of care. The first requirement is to show that the parties had proximity between them. This has to be followed by establishing that the risk of harm was predictable in a reasonable manner. Lastly, the justness of the penalties imposed has to be established (Lunney and Oliphant, 2013). Another case which is often cited for establishing this element is Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100. D had consumed the product manufactured by S, while she was in a caf. As a result of the dead snail in the bottle, D fell sick and sued S. it was held by the court that due to the reasonable foreseeability of such loss and the proximity between the two parties, a duty of care was present (British and Irish Legal Information Institute, 2017). The given study requires Ruth to show that Keith owed a duty of care to her. To show this, firstly, the three fold test has to be used. In this case study, there was a reasonable foreseeability in loss arising due to using a material other than what was prescribed. The parties had proximity due to being the maker and the consumers. And if penalties are levied on Keith, they would be fair. The case of Donoghue v Stevenson is also helpful in this matter. By being the manufacturer, S owed a duty towards the consumer D. The relationship is similar here. Hence, Keith owed a duty of care towards Ruth. Breach After establishing duty of care, the contravention or the violation of the same has to be depicted. In Paris v Stepney Borough Council [1951] AC 367, the Council was held as negligent due to the lack on their part in making available the requisite safety goggles. This was held as the work undertaken by P was of such nature, which required protective gear and also because he already was blind in one eye, which was known to the Council. And holding this contravention of obligation of care on part of the defendant, P was awarded relief in form of damages (Martin and Lancer, 2013). Another helpful case in this regard is that of Vaughan v Menlove (1837) 132 ER 490. Here, the defendant had been not once, but numerous times been warned about the possibility of a fire occurring as the building in which the haystack was kept was improperly ventilated. The defendant chose to ignore the numerous warnings. So, when the haystack actually caught fire, the defendant was held to have breached his obligation of care owing to non-consideration of the numerous warnings (Commonwealth Legal Information Institute, 2017). In the given scenario, due to the negligence on part of Keith, in using the leftover material, instead of adequate material, showed a breach of duty of care and so, Ruth is eligible for damages as per Paris v Stepney Borough Council. Also, based on Vaughan v Menlove, Keith ignored the usage of adequate material, which would again be considered as a breach of obligation of care on his part. Foreseeability Another factor in making a case of negligence is that the loss has to be foreseeable in a reasonable manner. If a loss or risk of injury cannot be foreseen, a duty of care to not undertake such loss cannot be upheld. One of the cases where due to the absence of loss being foreseeable in nature, was the case of Bolton v. Stone [1951] AC 850, [1951] 1 All ER 1078 and here the losses were not awarded (Swarb, 2016). To understand what is foreseeable, a prudent persons view has to be taken, as was stated by the bench in the matter of Wyong Shire Council v. Shirt (1980) 146 CLR 4 (Jade, 2017). In this particular matter, Keith used leftover material even though the proper material had to be used. This causes reasonability in the loss, due to use of something which was not fit for the purpose. Hence, a reasonable person would uphold the foreseeability of loss of this particular case. Remoteness The remoteness of damages refers to the notion that the losses have to be of sizeable nature and if they are viewed as being too remote, a claim of negligence would not be upheld. As a result of the remoteness in the losses, in Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd [1961] UKPC 2, the damages were decline by the court of law (H2O, 2016). The damages incurred by Ruth, as per the scenario given in the case study shows that the damages were not too remote and were sizeable in nature. Ruth was in hospital for two months due to her dislocated knee as a result of her fall, and during this period, she was unemployed. So, the damages would be awarded to her, for the loss not being too remote. Causation The next requirement is to establish that there has been a direct causation between the contravention of the duty of care and the losses incurred by the other party (Turner, 2013). In Donoghue v Stevenson, for instance, the failure on part of S in keeping their bottles safe for consumption of his consumers resulted in D falling sick. Hence, there was a direct causation between the contravention of S and the sickness of D. section 5D of the Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW), states that there is a requirement for factual causation to establish negligence (Legislation NSW, 2015). In this present case, the inadequate material, used by Keith, which was drenched in the rain and raised up, caused Ruth being injured gravely. So, the negligence of Keith was the direct cause for the injuries sustained by Keith. Hence, this requirement is also present in the given case study. Damages The breach or contravention of duty of care needs to result in the other party being injured or harmed, for damages to be claimed upon. The but for test given in Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428 proves handy for this purpose. If it can be established that the other person would have been injured, even in absence of negligence, then damages are not to be awarded to the injured party (Strong and Williams, 2011). The given study shows that if Keith had used the proper material, i.e., had he used hardwood instead of untreated chipboard, which was weaker than the proper material, the same would not have resulted in breakage of the same and Ruth would not have fallen down. Hence, based on this test, the injury would not have been present save for negligence of Keith. This means that Ruth has to be awarded damages due to Keiths negligence. Negligent Misstatement In this particular case, two claims can be made by Ruth, i.e., negligence and negligent misstatement. When a false statement is made, upon which the other person relies and which causes such other person getting injured, it is a case of negligent misstatement. Reliance is the most crucial aspect for making a case of negligent misstatement, without which a claim of the same would not be upheld as was held in Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller Partners Ltd [1964] AC 465 by the judges (Latimer, 2012). Keith had made a false statement in the given advertisement, as per which he was a qualified carpenter. In reality, Keith did not possess the requisite qualifications to be held as a qualified carpenter. Ruth, relying upon this false statement made by Keith, undertook his services. So, based on Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller Partners Ltd, a claim can be made by Ruth for the reliance over the negligent misstatement of Keith and can apply for damages. Remedies Any party, who can show the presence of the aforementioned factors can make a claim of negligence and get awarded remedies, for both economic and non economic losses (Latimer, 2012). The purpose of awarding damages, as was established in Addis v Gramophone [1909] AC 488, is to bring back the injured party, where they would be in absence of such contravention (E-Law Resources, 2017). In this instance, Ruth can claim damages for the two months she was in hospital, punitive damages to punish Keith and lastly damages for Keiths negligent misstatement. But she would not be successful in getting damages for 12 months period where she voluntarily chose not to work, as the same was not related to the negligence of Keith. Contributory Negligence The defendants, in cases of negligence, can get the awarded damages to be reduced, in a proportional manner, by showing to the satisfaction of the court that the plaintiff contributed towards the injuries sustained by him (Dongen, 2014). Froom v Butcher [1976] 1 QB 286 was a case where the damages were reduced by 100 as the plaintiff was not wearing seatbelt during the accident, which took place due to the negligence of the defendant (Swarb, 2017). In the present case study, Ruth was carrying so much stuff while she was descending from the stairs that her view was obstructed, as a result of which, she could not see the missing tread. Ultimately, she fell and got injured. Ruths contributory negligence, would allow Keith to get the damages reduced as per Froom v Butcher. Conclusion This analysis allows a conclusion to be drawn that Ruth can successfully sue Keith for his negligence and negligent misstatement and claim damages for loss of employment for two months and for her injuries, but she cannot make a claim for her voluntary giving up of job for 12 months period. Also, her damages would be brought down by the percentage as deemed fit by the court, owing to her contributory negligence. References British and Irish Legal Information Institute. (2017) Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100 (26 May 1932). [Online] British and Irish Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/1932/100.html [Accessed on 22/05/17] Commonwealth Legal Information Institute. (2017) Vaughan v Menlove. [Online] Commonwealth Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.commonlii.org/uk/cases/EngR/1837/424.pdf [Accessed on: 22/05/17] Dongen, E.V. (2014) Contributory Negligence: A Historical and Comparative Study. Boston: Brill Nijhoff. E-Law Resources. (2017) Addis v Gramophone [1909] AC 488 House of Lords. [Online] E-Law Resources. Available from: https://e-lawresources.co.uk/cases/Addis-v-Gramophone.php [Accessed on: 22/05/17] Emanuel, S., and Emanuel, L. (2008) Torts. New York: Aspen Publishers. Greene, B. (2013) Course Notes: Tort Law. Oxon: Routledge. H2O. (2016) Wagon Mound (No. 1) -- "The Oil in the Wharf Case". [Online] H2O. Available from: https://h2o.law.harvard.edu/collages/4919 [Accessed on: 22/05/17] Jade. (2016) Wyong Shire Council v Shirt. [Online] Jade. Available from: https://jade.io/j/?a=outlineid=66842 [Accessed on: 22/05/17] Lambiris, M., and Griffin, L. (2016) First Principles of Business Law 2016. Sydney: CCH Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. 31st ed. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Legislation NSW. (2015) Civil Liability Act 2002 No 22. [Online] New South Wales Government. Available from: https://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/#/view/act/2002/22 [Accessed on: 22/05/17] Legislation Victoria. (2010) Wrongs Act 1958. [Online] Victoria State Government. Available from: https://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/Domino/Web_Notes/LDMS/LTObject_Store/LTObjSt5.nsf/DDE300B846EED9C7CA257616000A3571/F1F5385B484503F3CA2577C1001B5BE4/$FILE/58-6420a103.pdf [Accessed on: 22/05/17] Lunney, M., and Oliphant, K. (2013) Tort Law: Text and Materials. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Martin, J., and Lancer, D. (2013) AQA Law for AS Fifth Edition. 5th ed. Oxon: Hachette UK. Statsky, W.P. (2011) Essentials of Torts. 3rd ed. New York: Cengage Learning. Swarb. (2016) Bolton v Stone: HL 10 May 1951. [Online] Swarb. Available from: https://swarb.co.uk/bolton-v-stone-hl-10-may-1951/ [Accessed on 22/05/17] Swarb. (2017) Froom v Butcher: CA 21 Jul 1975. [Online] Swarb. Available from: https://swarb.co.uk/froom-v-butcher-ca-21-jul-1975/ [Accessed on: 22/05/17] Trindade, F., Cane, P. and Lunney, M. (2007) The law of torts in Australia. 4th ed. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Turner, C. (2013) Unlocking Torts. 3rd ed. Oxon: Routledge.